JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

A simple, sensitive and selective spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the determination of enoxaparin sodium in bulk and dosage forms (injection). The method was based on the quantitative quenching effect of enoxaparin on the native fluorescence of acriflavine due to the formation of nonfluorescent supramolecular ion issociation complex between the studied drug and acriflavine dye in aqueous solution. The decrease of acriflavine fluorescence was observed at 506 nm after excitation at 402 nm. The relationship between quenching fluorescence intensity and concentration of enoxaparin sodium was linear in the range 0.05-20 µg/ml and with correlation coefficient 0.9990 and with LOD and LOQ 0.011 and 0.035 µg/ml respectively. The average recovery was 100.51% and RSD is less than 3.23%. The stoichiometry of enoxaparin to acriflavine was calculated a 1:4. The method was applied successfully to the determination of enoxaparin form injection samples and the results were in a good agreement with certified value and standard addition procedure.

In this paper the compounds (11-20) (methyl pyrimidine - 2(1H)-one and others phenyl pyrimidine -2(1H)- one) that will prepared from α, β unsaturated carbonyl compounds they are called chalcones, that compounds prepared from reaction of different aldehyde (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 2-nitro benzaldehyde,
3-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-N,N—dimethyle amino benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 4-nitro-benzaldehyde) with different ketones (acetone, acetophenone, 2-nitro acetophenone, 3-nitro acetophenone) after prepared this compounds and purified it and mesurment for physical, chemical and spectroscopy that we can do to get chalcones that reacted with urea under known chemical conditions to get pyrimidinone compounds we needed. pyrimidine compounds were reacted with two aromatic amines (2,4-dinitro aniline and 4- amino acetophenone) using glacial acetic acid as catalyst in absolute ethanol giving a new compounds of schiff's bases (21-40). New thiazolidine 4-one (41-50) were synthesized from reactions of Schiff's bases (21-30) with thioglycolic acid in absolute ethanol. 1,3- oxazepine derivatives. (51-60) are prepared from reaction between Schiff's bases (31-40) with malic anhydrid in absolut ethanol. The structures of the Synthesized compounds were estimated by IR, 1H- NMR and some physical data.

A commercial activated carbon was used for the study of adsorption of two di- azo dyes from aqueous solution employing batch method. These dyes were synthesized in our laboratory from the reaction of 4-amino-antipyrene 4-AAP and β-Naphthol with p-amino phenol and p-amino benzaldehyde via diazonium ions. The effect of pH, temperature, and contact time on dye removal was investigated. The apparent thermodynamic parameters were estimated and the obtained results concluded that, the dyes adsorbed onto activated carbon are driven by entropy effect, exothermic and spontaneous processes. The kinetic study of adsorption of the considered dyes was conducted by applying four models the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order ,Elovich and intra particules diffusion kinetic models. The results showed that, the second order equation fit better the experimental data. The intra particule diffusion model indicates that, there are more than mechanism
controlling the adsorption process.the adsorption process occurs through more than one mechanical and that the intra particule diffusion model is not the only mechanical that controls the adsorption of systems Studied.

An indirect sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of cephalexin monohydrate (CEM) ceftriaxone sodium (CFX) and cefotaxim sodium (CEF) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on the oxidation of (CEM), (CFX) and (CEF) in hydrochloric acid medium with known excess on N-Bromosuccinimde and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by decolorization of Evans blue dye (EB) and measure the absorbance of residual dye at 608 nm. Calibration curves of evans blue dye in the presence of drugs were rectilinear over the ranges 1.0-9.0 , 1.0-8.0 and 1.0-9.0 µg/ml with molar absorptivity 2.75×104 , 9.28×104 and 7.81×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and average recoveries 98.97, 102.08 and 100.08% for CEM, CFX and CEF respectively with RSD of less than 3.29%. The method was free from interference of many excipients and additives commonly found in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed method was successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation resulted in a good agreement with certified value and standard addition procedure.

This work studies the gradient energy coefficient ( ) which has the main function in extracting the properties of the polymer, starting from the Simha-Somcynsky theory (SS) that describes the thermodynamic properties of both low and high molecular weights in terms of occupied site fraction (y). Cahn-Hilliard (CH) theory which clarifies the free energy profile of polymer surfaces or interfaces has been also adopted in this study. To gain accurate results, these two theories have been combined with that of Freed Bawendi, which gives the architecture structure for the polymers. Ultimately, the conjunction of these theories produces important properties of polymers such as; the molecular weight, surface tension, the gradient energy coefficient. This study has been performed in the temperature range (313 -473) K and up to about (150) Mpa of pressure according to the international condition of LaGrange for polymers. The success of our study can be clearly seen in the minimum and maximum deviations in (0.036) and (0.128) respectively, while the exact value of gradient energy coefficient has been proved in the high molecular weight polymers as in (PEG 18500). The gradient energy coefficient and the reduced surface tension are directly proportional to molecular weight, while the gradient energy coefficient is inversely proportional to both hole fraction and temperature. The study has been accurately proved by the obtained results and data given in the graphs.

Bacterial infections are common in neonates, infants and children.. Some of these infections are serious and usually carry high risk of fatal complications such as septicemia / meningitis if left un-treated. Diagnosis of such infections is usually clinical together with the identification of bacteria in body fluids such as urine, stool, blood and CSF. The aim of the current study is to isolate and identify bacteria responsible for some types of serious bacterial infection in neonates such as UTI, GIT infections and bacteremia in West bank of Mosul city sand test their susceptibility to different antibiotics. Our results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolate in blood (81%), whereas both Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were common in urine (48% and 43% respectively). These microorganisms are highly sensitive to amoxiclav (83% for Staph , and 100% for E.coli) , levofloxavin ( 88% for Staph. and 100 % for E.coli) and meropenem (100% for both Staph and E.coli). However, both of them highly resistant to ampicillins (100% resistant rate) and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Although meropenem is effective, its use should be selected and restricted to highly resistant cases to avoid the emergence of early antibiotic resistance.

Comparative study of the physical characteristics of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode has been done as a function of deposition temperature in the range of 300-600 °C. Transparent conducting (TC) Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) technique on the p-Si(100) and glass substrates. Also, the influences of different deposition temperature on the morphology and optical properties of ZnO films were studied. Both the average surface roughness (from 62.8 to 18.8 nm) and the root mean square (from 78.2 to 24 nm) of ZnO films were decreased with the increase in the deposition temperature. Optical transmittance measurement results exhibited good transparency within the visible wavelength range for the films prepared at a temperature above 400 C. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the heterojunction diodes exhibited rectification behavior and depend on the deposition temperature. The electrical parameters of the n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions were also affected by the deposition temperature. The diodes prepared at a temperature above 400 C were possessed lower reverse saturation current and high rectification ratio compared to those fabricated at a relatively lower temperature such as 300 C or 400 °C. Such low a temperature grown n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes with lower reverse saturation current could be suitable for photo-detection applications.

Abstract
This paper involves a determination of paracetamol using less environment harmful reagent; the hydroxy analog of the pharmaceutical naproxen replaced a chemical reagent in which it is used as a coupling agent for the diazotized p-aminophenol (the hydrolysis product of paracetamol), the paper offers a determination of an analgesic paracetamol in the presence of high content of another analgesic.
Paracetamol azo-dye exhibits maximum absorption at 500 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range from 10 to 650 µg/20ml, (i.e. 0.5-32.5 ppm) with a good sensitivity (molar absorptivity 1.2x104 l.mol-1.cm-1), good precision (RSD better than ±0.275%) and high accuracy (relative error less than + 0.77%), Sandell's sensitivity index is 0.0124µg.cm-2, the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.0030 µg/ml and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.0101 µg/ml. The method has been successfully applied for determination for paracetamol in dosage forms and its already applicable for the determination of paracetamol in presence of naproxen.

In this study, 63 oral swabs were collected . Thirty six yeast isolates were obtained (57.14%) grown on sabouraud dextrose agar medium (SDA). Symbols were given to isolates from RA1 to RA36 in order to differentiate them. The isolates were identified by growth on HiCrome Candida differential agar M1297A and identification by Vitek 2 Compact system.
The identification results showed 5 species of the isolated yeasts belonging to the genus Candida, 29 isolates belonging to the species C. albicans (80.55%) and one species from C. famata, C. glabrata, C. kefyr and C. lusitaniae (2.77% for each species). Moreover one isolate was obtained from each of the following yeasts: Saccharomyces serevisiae, Malassezia furfur and Rhodotorula glutinis (2.77% for each one).
This study included the evaluation of two virulence factors for all C. albicans isolates , phospholipase enzyme production on egg yolk agar and hemolytic activity on sugar-enriched sheep blood agar.
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Phospholipase production test showed differences in phospholipase production among the isolates , twenty three isolates (79.31%) were producers and precipitation zone (Opaque zone) was observed around the grown colonies with different Pz values and the isolate RA13 exhibited highest activity (Pz value = 0.53).
The results showed also that all isolates were producers of hemolysin with different hemolytic indexes (Hi). Isolate RA7 represented the highest one in activity (Hi = 2.16). Hemolysis of all isolates involved beta hemolysis.

Recently boundary value problems for differential equations of non-integral order have studied in many papers ( see [1,2] ).
Zaho etal [ 1 ] studied the following boundary value problem of fractional differential equations.


Where denotes the Rimann-Liouville fractional derivative equation of order . By using the lower and upper solution method and fixed point theorem.
Liang and Zhang [3] studied the non-linear fractional differential boundary value problem

Where is a real number . is the Rimann-Liouville fractional differential operator of order . By means of fixed point theorems , they obtained results on the existence of positive solutions for boundary value problem of fractional differential equations.
In this paper , we deal with some existence of positive solution of the following non-linear fractional differential equation.

Where is a real number. denotes Rimann-Liouville fractional derivative of order .
Our work based on Banach contraction mapping and Krasnoel'skii fixed point theorems to investigate the existence of positive solution.
Finally , we suggest studing the existence solutions for the following Integrodifferential equation with boundary value conditions


Where H is a nonlinear integral operator given as

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for the estimation of aniline in various water samples was done. The method was based on the condensation reaction of acetyl acetone-formaldehyde(AC-FA) reagent with aniline. to produce a yellow colored product, with maximum absorption at 417 nm, which has good stability at room temperature and it is very soluble in water (the medium of reaction). Beer's law is applied in the concentration range of 2.5 to 50 µg. ml-1 of aniline with a molar absorptivity 3.864×103 l.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity index 0.0241 µg.cm-2 , a relative error of – 0.51 to +4.15 % and a relative standard deviation of ±0.78 to ±1.28% depending on the concentration level. The study also included the effect of organic compounds on the recovery of aniline in water samples. Aniline is the simple type of primary aromatic amines as it enters into many industrial fields and is considered as an important material. Aniline regarded as major pollutant of water, thus, its estimation was studied in different samples of water such as river, tap and Zamzam well waters.

This study was conducted for some physical and chemical properties by knowing the impact of pollutants of Mosul city, for three selected stations of water along the Tigris River during the seasons of 2018 and 2019.
The following field and laboratory tests were carried out: Temperature of water, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) as well as µmeasuring the concentration of ions for chlorides, orthophosphate, nitrate, and sulfate.
The results showed there was a clear fluctuation in all physical and chemical variables with different seasons and geographical location. Water temperature ranged between 14.2-25.5 °C, Turbidity 2.8-23.1 NTU, EC 266-335 µc/cm, PH 7.6-8.5, DO 6.6-9.6 mg/l, BOD5 1.4-2.9 mg/l, TH 130-338 mg/l, CL 9.8-29.9 mg/l, SO4 120-177 mg/l, NO3 0.09-166 mg/l, PO4 0.011-0.036 mg/l. Although, the increasing of all values towards the south of the city, these obtained values were within the limits for local and international standards.

Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorders disease characterized by the abnormal high levels of blood sugar due to incomplete or relative deficiency of insulin secretion as well as disorders in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
The study aims to evaluate the physiological effects of aging on oxidative stress and mineral levels in diabetes type II by measuring F.B.S,HbA1c%, levels of a number of important indicators of oxidative stress, level of ferritin ,copper and zinc in the serum. The study included the collecting of 70 blood samples from patients with NIDDM for both sexes in the center of Diabetes and Endocrinology in Sulaimaniyah city. The age of each group in this study ranged between 40-70 years. The study concluded that the rate of both FBS and T.GSH increased with age in diabetic females, the MDA increased with age in diabetic males, and ferritin increased with age in both sexes. Moreover copper decreased with age in diabetics for both sexes.

A high voltage pulse generator was development and implemented. It generates a sequence spike pulses with a varying pulse height from 0 to 5 kV; and changes the pulse width in ms range. This generator tested and used to study the pulse glow discharge in argon by using the capillary tube under pressure 0.3 to 0.5 torr. This study was to establish the nature of discharge relaxation (plasma relaxation) when a high voltage pulse causes a breakdown in the gas (coverts to conducting case). It is of great importance to answer the following question. The current can decay when the voltage pulse is switched off was obtained. The electronic switching is a successful tool which can be used for generating high voltage pulses with flexibility adjustable peak height voltage pulse, pulse duration and pulse width is presented Interesting results concerning because plasma is a function of time, linearity of time decay vs. plasma. This linearity is to seem independent on gas pressure or pulse width. The slope the current decay line is very much dependent upon the initial high voltage pulse. The condition for transition from pulse to continue like DC glow discharge condition is satisfied.

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of piperazine hexa- hydrate was developed. The method was based on the proton transfer reaction with 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) in basic solution to form yellow product showing a maximum absorbance at 410 nm with molar absorptivity of 8350 l/mol.cm . The method is obeyed Beer’s law over the concentration range 0.5-20 µg/ml. The average recovery % of the method is 99.12% and RSD % of the method is less than 2%.
The method was applied for the determination of piperazine hexahydrate in pharmaceutical formulation as elixir and the results were in good agreement with the standard addition method .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Abstract
This study was carried out inside a wired house and included the planting two cultivars of wheat (Sham 6 – IPA 99) in soils containing residues of corn (Zea may) and sunflower (Helianthns annuus) with exposing plants to three levels of field capacity (35, 60, 85%) and spraying plants with three concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 100, 200) ppm in order to know the effect of these factors on some physiological, biochemical and allelopathic potential of wheat. The experiment has been designed on the basis that it is factorial and over completely Randomized Design (C.R.D) Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level was used to compare between the means and the results showed.
The addition of corn residues and sunflower showed a great effect in lowering plant height, relative water content, chlorophyll, number of grains / spike and grains yield with the increasing the concentration of catalase.
Exposure of plants to drought (35% field capacity) showed a negative effect on all traits above comparing to field capacity (60, 85%) except for the increase in antioxidant enzymes (Peroxidase, Catalase).
Plants submitted under two types of stress (drought + allelopathy) can improve their growth and reduce the negative effect of drought and the inhibitory effect of residues by treating it with ascorbic acid especially in the concentration 200 ppm.
More over, sham 6 was significantly superior on IPA 99 in most physiological and biochemical characters, which was reflected in the increasing grains yield.
Keywords: allelopathy, Field capacity, Ascorbic acid, wheat.

. Reregulation of biochemical profile of host as a result of host cells-pathogen interaction may involve in pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis disease. The biochemical parameters in the placenta of Toxoplasma-infected pregnant women and non-infected pregnant women (control group) were investigated The criteria taken into consideration are: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) , Peroxidase (Px) , Glutathione- S- transferase (GST) , Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , Aryl esterase (AE) , Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) , Vitamin A,C and E As well as placental electrolytes including: Sodium (Na+) , Potassium (K+) , Chloride (Cl-) , Calcium (Ca++) , Selenium (Se) , Cupper (Cu) , Zinc (Zn) , Iron (Fe) , Magnesium (Mg) and Manganese (Mn). The results showed: a non-significant increase in the activity of SOD, GST, LDH and AchE during 6-9 months, and activity of AE during 1-3 months, were determined whereas the activity of Px was decreased in all periods of pregnancyA non- significant increase in the level of vitamin E and non-significant decrease in levels of vitamin A and C during pregnancy periods in placentae of infected pregnant Were observed. . A significant increase (p≤0.01) in levels of Na+ and K+ during 1-3 months and Ca++ during 3-6 months, whereas the level of Cl- decreased during pregnancy periods. A significant increase (p≤0.01) in levels of Seand Mg during 6-9 months and a non- significant increase in level of Cu during 1-3 months and 6-9 months, whereas the level of Zn, Fe and Mn significantly decreased in all periods of Pregnancy in placenta infected women.

Dialysis is used when the patient's kidneys can no longer perform their functions normally; it is a treatment that performs the functions of natural kidneys. Most patients begin dialysis when their kidneys have lost 85-90% of their ability to work naturally and they have to depend on dialysis for the rest of their lives, is called end –stage renal disease (ESRD). Infection in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) is usually treated with hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). End stage renal disease a major cause of morbidity and mortality, in order to assess the fungal growth at hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis unit a descriptive study was conducted at hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis units in Hawler teaching hospital, from 15th of January to the end of May 2017;the study also includes the access sites and peritoneal catheter site. Factors that affected the access site among dialysis patient in the hospital. Sample of 63 patients, who were attending to the dialysis unit at time of the data collection, had been taken; in addition to that swab samples had been gathered from access site and peritoneal catheter site. The results of the study revealed that the fungal growth was positive at dialysis access sites, where the total percentage was 84.1% and that of peritoneal catheter site was 15.85%. In these unites, different types of filamentous fungi and yeasts had been successfully isolated.

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of aminophenol isomers (o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol). The method is based on oxidative coupling reaction of these compounds with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) in the presence of cupper sulphate as oxidizing agent in alkaine medium forming a reddish brown colour. The products show maximum absorption at 440 nm, 480 nm and 445 nm for o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol respectively. The molar absorptivities are 8.632×103 ,9.33×103 and 9.1449×103 l.mol-1.cm-1 for concentrations obeyed Beer’s law in the range 1-20, 1-24 and 1-7 μg.ml-1 for the above compounds respectively. The average recovery was ranged between 98.38% and 101.01% with relative standard deviation < 1.6 for all the studied compounds. The 4-AAP products were formed in the ratio of 1:2 aminophenol isomers : 4-AAP. The stability constant of the products was 7.4 ×108, 3.27×108 and 9.94×107 l2.mol-2 for o-aminophenol, m-aminophenol and p-aminophenol products respectively indicating the good stability of these products.

Genetic basis of recurrent abortion is poorly understood, Single gene mutations, polygenic, and cytogenetic factors are all found to show association with recurrent abortion. The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes coding for enzymes with regulatory role in crucial metabolic pathways (e.g. methylene tetra hydrofolate reductase), clotting factors (Factor V leiden and prothrombin) and hormones and hormone receptors (progesterone receptor). this study included (85) pregnant women who suffer from problems during pregnancy and the age range between (25-35) years. The samples divided to four groups ,the first of this group include pregnant women who suffer from recurrent spontaneous abortion , the second group include pregnant women with missed abortion , the third group include pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and positive TORCH examination and the fourth group was considered a control group.
The result of the study showed a relationship between cases of pregnancy disorder and genetic mutations of MTHFR gene at the (A1298C) site, the result of the study for a group of women with RSA showed that the distribution of the mutant genotype CC was the highest 40% and the repetitive alleles for this group was 57.5% for mutant allele C and 42.5% for normal allele A.
While the group of missed abortion showed that that the distribution of the mutant genotype CC was the highest 40% and the repetitive alleles for this group was 52.5% for mutant allele C and 47.5% for normal allele A.

.The chemical constituentis of three types of bituminous materials found in different conditions in Mishraq sulfur Mine was studied. The FTIR spectroscopy showed reduce in the length of hydrocarbon‏ chains from the intensity of paraffinic bands in bitumenous materials of Frasch sulfur Mine (BM) compare with natural bituminous materials (NB) and Bituminous materials which extracted in-depth about 200 m without exposing to Frasch process condition (BB). The percentage of asphaltene in (MB) which increases dramatically is found 63.64% compared with (BB) and (NB) which 37.37% and 14.28% respectively and a similar decrease in percentage petrolene (maltene) . A percentage of n-hexane fraction by silica gel chromatography of petrolene (MB) is 18.49% compared with (BB and N.B) are 25.06 % and 47.05 % respectively while the cyclohexane fractions of petrolene MB are four-time of N.B and three-time of B.B .
From all results, we conclude that a reaction has occurred between sulfur and bitumenous materials especially hydrocarbon chains of Aromatics and naphthenic rings in sulfur well during Frasch process which leads to an increase in asphaltene percentage and decrease of petrolene.

The economic evaluation of the exploration sulfur well depends mainly on the elemental sulfur content and its association other factors, so a sample of sulfur rocks extracted by a special excavator for one of the exploratory wells was studied and in the form of a bore hole rock. The elemental sulfur ratio reached 12.8% an important ratio in estimating the explored sulfur reserves and through XRD, the predominant crystalline composition is calcite mineral with hexagonal crystalline form and with a lesser percentage in orthorhombic crystal sulfur this supports one of the theories that explained the formation of sulfur.
Also, the mine Mishraq sulfur extracted by the underground melting method (known as the Frasch process) was studied chemically, and the elemental sulfur ratio reached 98.58% and the bituminous material 1.157%. Also, the SEM scanning electron microscope showed the presence of nanotubes of size (20-44 nm) belonging to the carb-sulfur compounds in the SEM, which are observed for the first time in this form.

In this Study the two compounds ( 1 , 2 ) ( 5-styryl - 1,3,4- oxadiazol - 2-amine and 5-styryl - 1,3,4- thiadiazol - 2-amine ) were prepared by the reaction between ( cinammic acid ) and with of all semicarbazide , thiosemicarbazide in the middle of concentrated sulfuric acid , Then schiff bases ( 3 - 10 ) have been Prepared via by the condensation of compound ( 1 , 2 ) and the benzaldehyde dervatives ( 4-chlorobenzaldehyde , 2-chloro benzaldehyde , 4-nitro benzaldehyde , 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde , 4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde ) . Finally , the new compounds ( thiazolidin-4-one ) ( 11 - 18 ) Five heterocyclic rings were prepared by the reaction of (thioglycholic acid) with Schiff bases . The synthesized compounds are identified by physical such as ( melting point , color change ) and spectral method such as ( IR , 1H - NMR ) .

Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered the most important causes of urinary tract infection, and recently the antibiotic resistance of this pathogen has increased dramatically. The study aims at investigating the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogenic K. pneumoniae among different ages of groups at both genders. 1737 urine specimens were collected from individuals admitted to Zakho emergency hospital from January 2016 until December 2018. K. pneumoniae was identified based on Gram stain, colony characteristics and biochemical tests, and then it was tested for their antibiotic sensitivity. Out of all samples, 1076 (61.9%) showed significant bacterial yield. The UTIs among females (64.3%) were statistically higher than males (46.5%) (P<0.001). The age group of 20-29 years was highly susceptible to UTIs (43%). Among the total UTIs, K. pneumoniae represented 16.2%. K. pneumoniae in males (23.4%)was significantly higher than females (15.4%) (P=0.03).The age group 40-49 years (32.2%) was the highest group that at risk for K. pneumoniae infection. K. pneumoniae was highly susceptible to imipenem (100%) and was highly resistant against cephalothin (90.8%). A high prevalence of UTIs were observed among the age group of 20-29 years and the females had more risk of having UTIs. The males were more susceptible to K. pneumoniae with higher prevalence in the age group of 40-49 years. K. pneumoniae showed high sensitivity toward imipenem and high resistance to cephalothin. More awareness is required in all healthcare sectors for regular surveillance of the use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the resistance rates and to eradicate the pathogens.

In last many years ago there was a great interest in studying the existence of positive solutions for fractional differential equations. Many authors have considered the existence of positive solutions of non-linear differential equations of non-integer order with integral boundary value conditions using fixed point theorems.
G.wang etal(2012)in vest gated the following fractional differential equation
〖^c〗D^α W(t)+f(t,W(t))=0,0<t W(0)=W^" (0)=0 ,W (1)=λ∫_0^1▒〖W(s)ds 〗 were 2<α≤3
λ is a positive number (0 < λ < 2),〖^C〗D^αis the standard Caputo fractional derivative obtained his results by means of Guo-krosnosel'skii theorem in a cone also A.Cabada etat (2013) established the following non-linear fractional differential equation with integral boundary value conditions
D^α W(t)+f(t,W(t))=0 ,0<t W(0)=W^'' (0)=0 ,W(1)=λ∫_0^1▒〖W(s)ds ,were 2<α≤3 ,λ>0 ,λ≠α ,〗 D^αis Riemann –Liovuville standard fractional derivative and f is a continuous function the results was based on Guo-krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem in a cone .
This paper we investigate the existence results of a positive solution for integral boundary value conditions of the following system of equations:
〖^c〗D^β h(t)+k(t,h(t))=0 ,t∈(0,1)
h(0)=h^' (0)=h^''' (0)=0 ,h(1)=δ∫_0^1▒h(n)dn
where 3< β≤4 ,δ is a positive number , δ≠3 ,〖^C〗D^β denotes Caputo standard derivative and k is a continuous function.Our work based on Banach's and Schauder's theorem.

There is a growing need to produce asphalt materials with high economic feasibility, that is the production of asphalt materials with rheological properties that differ from the base asphalt (unmodified asphalt), can be used in many fields such as the production of paving asphalt, where it is not appropriate to use ordinary asphalt.
This study included the modification of the rheological properties of Daura asphalt by catalytic chemical treatment with thermoplastic polyurethane (Used in the interior parts of cars) using a microwave oven at a power of (360) watts and at different periods of time. As well as treate asphalt samples with the thermoplastic polyurethane in the presence of sulfur.
The modified asphalt samples were studied in terms of ductility, penetration, softening point and penetration Index.

A sample with good rheological specification was selected (As7) that are conform with the specifications of Iraqi Roads and Bridges Authority, The selected sample were studied in terms of conducting Marshall tests and comparing them with the original sample in order to demonstrate the possibility of using the modified sample as an paving asphalt. The obtained results showed good specifications in terms of crawl and stability values.
An aging test was also conducted on the sample (As7) of the good rheological specifications.

This study has included a modulation of the rheological properties of asphalt by a catalyst chemical treatment with polycarbonate, and the microwave technique was used at a power of (360) watt at time intervals. Furthermore, the modulation and treatment were done in the presence of sulfur and polycarbonate. The formed rheological properties of the new asphalt samples were studied which include (permeability, softening point, ductility and penetration index). Those asphalt samples of the new rheological properties could be used in paving field and some other samples could be used as anti-moisture materials.
The best asphalt samples with new rheological properties and those conformable with the properties of roads authority and Iraqi bridges were tested as a tiled asphalt since they were studied in terms of conducting Marshall tests and comparing them with the original sample in order to show the possibility of using the modified samples in the tiling and the obtained results were excellent in terms of stable creeping values. In addition the aging test was applied on the samples that contain good rheological properties.
Moreover, the modified asphalt has shown higher dissociation values in comparison with the original asphalt, so the modified asphalt has more resistant to high temperature and acid rains and shows an important characteristic of the quality of the asphalt that enables the modified asphalt to stick more closely to the aggregate, which gives higher resistance and greater operating age life to the streets.

In this study, we modify the rheolgical prioperties of asphaltic materials by addative and air blowing. For this process, asphaltic materials have been oxidized by air blowing in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst for this process . Air blowing was conducted in different condtions of temperature and times using 0.5%(by weight) from catalyst, after determining the optimal conditions for air blowing, we changged the percentage of catalyst to get the optimal perecentage which can be using in modified process, then the asphalt was treated with the commercial adhesive (EVA) in two phaths:
The first path was included addtion of different percentages from commercial adhesive under the optimal condition from air blowing and perecentage of alaminum chloride.
The second path was included dissolved the commercial adhesive in the toluene and then the modified process was conducted at same conditions in the first path, ( toluene was added to the commercial adhesive by ratio (1:6) (weight of commercial adhesive: ml of toluene).
The results showe rheological properties that are compeletly differentj from the original asphaltic materials . The study was gave modified asphaltic materials that can be using in different fields, some samples can be using in paving as in samples
(AS19, AS24, AS25) and other as mastic or as flattening as in samples (AS15, AS16, AS17, AS21, AS22). The usage of asphalitic materials in various fields depends on the measurments of different properties such as (ductility, penetration, softining point ,asphaltens percentage, penetration index ,aging test, marshall test).

This study was included treatment of the Dura asphalt with lignin as a natural polymeric additive and air blowing with three paths.
The first path: the rheological properties of the asphalt were modified by adding the lignin to the asphalt and in various proportions in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst for this process at the optimum conditions for the catalytic oxidation process that was identified which is 150 centigrade and a time of 60 min.
The second path : the rheological properties of the asphalt were modified using the use of lignin as an additive and with the presence of 1% sulfur(by weight)at a time of 60 minutes and a temperature of 180 ° C which is the optimal conditions for the non-catalytic air blowing process that was identified.
As for the third track, the lignin was treated with asphalt without the use of anhydrous aluminum chloride under optimal conditions for the non-catalytic process.
The study showed asphalt with completely different rheological properties compared to the original asphalt, which represents the primary goal behind the continuous quest for altering the rheological specifications of the original asphalt in a way that is compatible with the nature of use in different and specific fields, some samples can be using in paving as in samples(,AS19,AS20 ,AS50).As well as a moisture inhibitor and flattening as in samples(AS22,AS40,AS41 ,AS51, AS52).The use of asphalt in various fields is determined depending on the measurements made, ductility ,softening point,penetration,asphaltenes percentage,penetration index,aging test,marshall test .

This work involves,the preparation, new ligands 4-[N- (2,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene) imino] antipyrinyl Serine (L1) or with Theronine (L2),. from these ligands ,ten Complexes have been synthesized with metal ions Co(II) ,Ni(II) Cu(II) Zn (II) and Cd(II) in molar ratio (1:1) Metal: Ligand and these complexes have been characterized on the basis of physiochemical,investigations(1HNMR),(IR) electronicspectroscopy(U.V-Vis), molar,conductance, magnetic moment measurement, Thermal analysis (TGA), ,elemental analysis, Powder X-ray diffraction and spectral studies. Infrared data suggest that the ligands( L1) and( L2) behave as tetradentate ligands and coordinated through (N, N, O, O) as adonor,atoms sequence towards the metal ions, and they give an square planer and tetrahedral complexes, finally some of these,prepared complexes have been screened for their antibacterial activities against two classes of human pathogenic; bacteria Gram positive eg: Staphylococcus.aureus, and Gram negativebacteria including,Pseudomonas,aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoni and.Escherichiacoli, The performance results explain that the metal complexes have greater action more essential than the free ligand

A simple, precise and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method is described for the assay of Paracetamol in its pure form and pharmaceutical formulations in the aqueous medium. The method is based on the oxidation of the Paracetamol with an excess of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) in alkaline medium and the residual oxidizing agent bleaches the purple-colored Eriochrom black-T (EBT) to colorless species which is measured at 516 nm at room temperature. Calibration graph is linear over 0.5-9 µg mL-1 and molar absorptivity is 3.7×104 L.mol-1.cm-1. The detection and quantification limits were 0.068 and 0.229 µgmL-1 respectively. The accuracy (Average recovery %) is 98.57, and Precision (RSD) is ≤ 1.5. No interference effect has been observed from the excipients that exist in drug formulations. The method has been applied successfully in the determination of the Paracetamol in its commercial formulations (injection, syrup, and tablet), and compared favorably with other spectrophotometric methods used different reagents. The reaction mechanism for the oxidation of Paracetamol and EBT was postulated.

Most GPS receivers calculate their locations by a geodetic coordinate referenced to the WGS84 ellipsoid, whereas the local reference applied in IRAQ (referred as ClarkelSSO ellipsoid) have different geodetic coordinates.
This paper presents the results of particulars conversion between geographical and UTM grid coordinates system from WGS84 reference ellipsoid system to ClarkelSSO reference ellipsoid system for a selective locations in Mosul (Zone 38N). Conversion formulae and parameters are also given to facilitate users to convert the coordinates of any point in the study area between the two systems by using GPS.receiver and ArcGIS software.
The result shows that the geographical and UTM grid systems of the two systems are slightly different, but additive constants are sufficient to attain the general accuracy.

ABSTRACT
The research tackled the classical problem in artificial intelligence as 8-puzzle problem with genetic algorithm. The research present the fundamental of genetic algorithm with sliding tile 8-puzzle problem. Starting from current state for state space search into a goal state by depending on the tile’s move (tiles out of place) in the current and compare with the solution of the problem (goal), without blank’s move. population size chose by the summation of probabilities misplaced tile’s move (tiles out of place) in current state comparing with goal state. In this research, depended on the Crossover and mutation for ordered chromosomes method. The experimental in this research show that the algorithm is efficient. The source code is written in Matlab language.

ABSTRACT
The Hosoya polynomials of Steiner 3-distance of hypercube graphs , and of the square of a path, , are obtained in this paper. The Steiner n-diameters of and are also obtained.

Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of sulfacetamide and sulfamethaxazole. The method is based on the reaction of these drugs in aqueous solution with tetracyanoethylene reagent in the presence of sodium bicarbonate to produce yellow colored species measured at 355 and 356 nm for sulfacetamide and sulfamethaxazole respectively. Beer's law obeyed over the concentration range1-30 and 1-25 µg ml-1 with molar absorpitivity of 10575 and 13146 L.mol-1.cm-1 and sandell index of 0.0240 and 0.0192 μg.cm-2 for the above drugs respectively. It was found that these products were formed in ratio of 1:1. The method was applied successfully to the assay of sulfacetamide and sulfamethaxazole in their pharmaceutical formulations and was agreed well with the certified values and with standard addition procedure.

ABSTRACT
The present study was investigated the immunological effects of the lipopolysaccharide extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae against experimental infection with toxoplasmosis in mice.
Immunological changes in treated mice were compared with the +ve (mice infected with T.gondii but not treated with LPS) and -ve (mice not infected with T.gondii and not treated with LPS) group at 3,14 and 30 days post infection with tissue cysts of T.gondii in the peritoneal cavity. Total and differential WBC count of peripheral blood and innate immune response represented by the phagocytic index were the criteria taken into consideration.
Results showed a significant increase in the total WBC count in mice treated with LPS after infection with T.gondii, compared with –ve and +ve control groups. For differential WBC count, an increase in lymphocytes and decrease in monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils was noticed. Basophils were not considered because of their low number.For phagocytic index, an increase was noticed in treated mice compared with –ve and +ve control groups, and the highest rate was observed in cncentration 500 µg / 20 gm body weight at 30 days post infection.
It is concluded that, LPS extracted from K.pneumoniae may well be used as a active and non toxic immunomodulator against infection with toxoplasmosis in mice.

The study was conducted in order to create the best conditions (physical and chemical factors) that necessary for the growth of the Bacillus subtilis and its production of the Xylanase enzyme.
The results include isolation and diagnosis of (40) isolates of bacteria: Bacillus subtilis obtained from (30) soil samples and study the effect of some physical factors (period and temperature of incubation, pH of the medium, ventilation) on bacterial growth and its production of an Xylanase enzyme. The results showed that best growth and its production of the enzyme was obtained when the incubation is (48) hours and the temperature (30) C^o , pH of the medium (7) and incubation with shaking at (200) rpm where the optical density value of bacterial growth was reached (0.25) and activity of the enzyme product was (3.41) unit / ml. The effect of some chemical agents (carbon and nitrogen source for medium) on bacterial growth and its production of an Xylanase enzyme and the results revealed that the carbon source (Xylan) gave the best growth and production of the enzyme compared with other of carbon sources (Starch, Cellulose, Xylose, Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose), where the optical density value of growth was (0.25) and the enzyme activity (3.41) unit / ml. Regarding the effect of the nitrogen source (organic and inorganic) in medium on growth and production of the enzyme, the results showed that the best bacterial growth and the production of an Xylanase enzyme occur when organic nitrogen sources (Peptone, Beef extract, Yeast extract, Casien) were supplemented in the medium compared with inorganic nitrogen sources (KNO₃, (NH₄) ₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, NaNO₃). Peptone and Yeast extract were the best nitrogen sources for stimulation of bacterial growth and the production of the enzyme with optical density value of growth reached (0.29 , 0.286) and the enzyme activity was (3.92 , 3.9) unit / ml.

 This work is included the synthesizs of two azo dyes from the reaction of p-methoxy aniline and 2-amino benzo thiazol .via diazounium ions.A number of clays are tested as adsorbents for the removal of these dyes from their aqueous solution by adsorption . The most efficied one was selected to peforme  this study . The prepared dyes are characterized by some of their physical propertier such as(l_max)  , (e_max) melting point.  Stretch bond of  (N=N)   group by(IR)spectrometry and colours.
 The optimal condition of the adsorption systems undre study such as effect of does ,initial concentration ,and temperature wear investigated .
Two isotherm models,Langmuir and Freundlich  were fitted to the experimental data of adsorption .the thermodynamic Function (  ∆H, ∆G°,∆S°) are estimated. The results of the thermodynamic study showed that ,the forces controlling the adsorption process of the systems under considerate are physical in nature . The adsorption process are exothermic , occur spontaneously in the direction of connecting the dye to the clay surface ,and forming less random system.

Abstract
A new complexes of some transition metal ions (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II)) and non transition metal ions (Zn(II),Cd(II)) with a number of Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of some amino acids valine and serine with (Indol-3-carboxy aldehyde) have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis(M), molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared and electronic spectral. The complexes were classified as:
A- mononuclear complexes.
1- Complexes with the formulas [ML(CH3COO) (H2O)2].
2- Complexes with the formulas [ML(CH3COO)] H2O.
B- Di nuclear complexes.
Complexes with the formulas [M2(L)2(CH3COO)2] .2H2O.
M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II)Cd(II).
L= Indol-3-carboxy aldehyde valine imine, Indol-3-carboxy aldehyde serine imine
The physical measurements showed that the prepared complexes may have a tetra coordinated (tetrahedral or square planer) and hexa-coordinated (octahedral) structure and that all the prepared complexes were non electrolyte.

Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from epidermal scales and infected hairs of infected child with tinea capitis from AL- salam Education Hospital at Mosul city. The fungus was identified according to the morphological characteristics and microscopic features, as well as penetration of the hair by the fungal hyphae Results on the effects of environmental conditions on the growth and sporulation of the pathogen showed that the best medium for optimum growth of the fungus occurred on Potato Dextros Agar (PDA) medium with an average diameter of colonies 88 mm followed by 85.33mm and 82.66mm and 60.00mm for Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Oatmeal agar (OMA) and Trichophyton agar no.4 (TNo.4) respectively. The least growth was observed on Rice agar +tween 80 ( R-t80 ) with 44.66 mm Minimum sporulation of the fungus was detected on SDA and reached 2.84x10² conidia/ml Optimum temperature for the growth of the fungus was 28C̊ with 84.88 mm colony diameter while 62.33 mm at 15C̊. No growth was observed at 35C̊ on (PDA). Average diameter of fungal colonies was 84.66 mm at the optimum pH 5.5, Growth and sporulation of the fungus increased proportionally with incubation period reached maximum after 12 days and gave 88.00 mm and 3.18x10² conidia/m respectively . While the least incubation period was noticed at the 4^th day and colony reached 29.33 mm and 1.40x10³ conidia/ml sporulation . Testing the efficacy of four antifungal drugs viz - Nystatin ( Nys ), Griseofulvin (GRF), Fluconazol (FLZ) and Itraconazol (ITZ) on the growth and sporulation of T.tonsurans proved that Griseofulvin was the most effective antifungal which cause complete inhibition (100%) at 40 mg/ml followed by Fluconazol and then Itraconazole, while the least effect was detected with Nystatin which gave colony diameter 25.00 mm and 66.33 conidia/ml.

This study is conducted to know the of effect of breeding earthworm for month , two month and three month in soil polluted with the concentration 25,50, 75, 100% of polluted water on its viability. The treatment reduce rate of specificgrowth ratio and it was 59.08 and 78.57% at the concentration 25 and75% respectively , also the treatment cause reducing in the weight of the treated earthworm and it was -0.079 and 0.0787 g at the concentration 25 and100%respectively. This study aimed to know the affect of this treatment on the worms death percentage , and also to knowing the percentage of protein body content... and showed that the polluted water affected thickness the body wall and epithelium of the digestive system and it´s caused the reduce thickness.