Testing of Volatile Oils Activity Extracted from Different Medicinal Plants Against Some Fungi Isolated from Different Sources

Volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis showed significantly more effective e against growth of T. rubrum isolated from ulceration otitis externa with inhibition significant percentage 96.42% in concentration 1/25 then the concentration 1/50 with inhibition percentage 95.83%, two concentrations 1/75 and 1/100 showed low effects which inhibited fungal growth in percentage 89.28% and 81.54% respectively, While the volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale showed inhibited effect in percentage 92.26% in concentration 1/25 and 82.73% in concentration 1/50; The inhibition percentage was 79.76% and 77.97% in concentration 1/75 and 1/100 respectively. Volatile oil extracted from leaves of Apium graveolens was significantly more effective in concentration 1/25 then the volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale in the same concentration with a significant inhibition percentage 85.11% so volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita in concentration 1/25 with a significant inhibition percentage 81.54% and the concentration 1/100 from volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita Lower of all concentration inhibition of fungal growth above with inhibition percentage 70.23%. Volatile oils extracted from Salvia officinalis was more significant effect against growth of yeast C. albicans isolated from ulceration otitis externa so the inhibition percentage was 85.11% followed with volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens with percentage 80.35% in concentration 1/50 then volatile oil of leaves of Mentha piperita with inhibition percentage 79.16% in the concentration 1/25 while inhibition percentage of volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis ranged between 79.76% and 69.64%, While volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens inhibition percentage between 78.57% and 70.23% respectively in concentrations 1/25, 1/100; Volatile oil of Zingiber officinale was lower effect which inhibited fungal growth with percentage 78.57% and 61.30% in higher and lower concentrations respectively, While different volatile oils extracts shows a different inhibition effects against T. Mantagrophytes isolated from skin scraping, So volatile oil extracted from leaves of Mentha piperita showed more effective in concentration 1/25 with inhibition percentage 97.16% then volatile oil extracted from Salvia officinalis with percentage 77.38% in same concentration, There were no significant difference in concentration 1/25 and 1/50 of volatile oil extracted from Zingiber officinale with inhibition percentage 73.80% for both concentrations and volatile oil of leaves of Apium graveolens was less effective which inhibited T. Mantagrophytes in inhibition percentage 69.04% and 64.88% at the concentrations of 1/25 and 1/50 respectively. There was no significant difference between concentrations 1/75 and 1/100 with a percentage of 59.52% for both of them.

implanted medical devices and mucosal surfaces, is a significant virulence factor [9].
C. albicans infections associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, making them a significant clinical challenge [10] [11]. These infections have recently increased dramatically due to the increase in the incidence of immunodeficiency caused by Irradiation, Chemotherapy, Cancer, Diabetes and taking immunosuppressive treatments and over-taking treatments without medical advice and Acuired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome [12].
Due to the increase in resistance to the antifungal agents used to treat various fungi infections [13]. and the possession of the antifungal side effects on because of their toxicity to the mammalian cells [14], it was necessary to find alternatives to the antifungal agents that have high effectiveness against pathogenic fungi and are safe to use to eliminate the characteristic of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic fungi such as volatile oil extracted from some medicinal plants, this is the aim of this study.

Medicinal plants used in research and extraction of volatile oil from its parts and sterilized
Four medical plants were selected to extract the volatile oil from their parts and study their affectivity, Which are the leaves of Apium graveolens, Salvia officinalis and Zingiber officinale fruits

Source of isolates and method of sampling
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum isolated from Scraps for skin by sterilizing the affected area superficially in ethanol 70% The edges of the infection were scraped using a sterile scalpel and the peels were taken and cultured on media Sabouraud's Glucose Agar (SGA) For three weeks, the fungi identification according to approved taxonomic keys. Yeast Candida albicans isolated from External ear ulcers with Ear Candidiasis By sterilization of external ear with cotton swab saturated with ethanol 70% it left to dry and then took a swab of the ear with a sterile cotton swab and cultured on SGA The samples were incubated at 27 O c for three weeks, the fungi identification according to approved taxonomic keys [15] .

Inhibition test
Test using the Duncan test to determine the significant differences at a probability level of 0.05 [19].     (Table 2).   Aspergillus fumigatus [22]. As well as determine the effects of essential herbal oils on human pathogenic fungi, especially Trichophyton spp. [23]. Mentha longifolia and Salvia fruticosa showed an inhibitory effect against all pathogens Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Aspergillus fumigatus [24]. Salvia species have long been described in traditional medicine for officinalis oil showed an adverse effect on reverse dermatophyte and Aspergillus strains [25], S. rhytidea can also be effective against fungal infections. In view of the increased occurrence of candidiasis in the past decade, limitations on the use of antifungal drugs, the appearance of oxidative-resistant candidiasis and increased treatment failures, it is necessary to identify novel agents with antifungal properties. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that S. rhytidea extract was used. It was rich in flavonoids and tannins. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of S. Rhytidea ranged from 3.125 to> 100 μg / ml and 6.25 to> 100 μg / ml, respectively. The value of inhibition of growth was shown as C. tropicalis, C.

Results And Discussion
krusei and C. albicans [26] . The composition and antifungal activity of Salvia officinalis was also studied. On dermatophytes and Aspergillus [27]. Essential oils of red thyme, fennel, cloves, pine, sage, lemon and lavender balm is an inhibitory effect for the growth of clinical and environmental fungal strains [22]. Zingiber officinale is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in Chinese herbal medicines [28]. Plant extracts of Zinigiber officinale showed inhibitory growth of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus [29] [30], Zingiber officinale also showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans [31].

Conclusion
The results indicate that the volatile oil extracted from the different medicinal plants used in this study has different inhibitory effects on the three fungi studied T. Mantagrophytes , T. rubrum and Candida albicans.