Study of Some Biochemical Parameters and Fatty Acids Composition in Blood Serum of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

This study was designed to compare the level of some biochemical parameters and lipid fractions and percentage of fatty acids in serum of women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the study include (25) Study of Some Biochemical Parameters and Fatty Acids Composition in ... 69 patients (females) who were diagnosed by ultrasonography, the sample collection is from Al-Bitol teaching hospital in Mosul city, the age is between (25-40) year and compared with (25) normal woman with same age were collected as control and measurement of a number of biochemical parameters in serum,as well as analysis and measurement of percentage of fatty acids in the fatty component of serum (cholesterol ester, phospholipids and triglyceride) by applying thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then re-esterfication fatty acids and measurement percentage of fatty acids applying capillary gas chromatography (CGC). the result of this study show that there is a significant differences in the level of studied biochemical parameter and fatty acids percentage in patients compared with the control group. INTRODUCTION The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a common disease as it affect is about 30% of female all over the world (1), in which there is irregularity in menstrual cycle and it is lead to delay in pregnancy but it not cause infertility (2). The polycystic ovary syndrome is characterized by presence of small size follicles inside the ovary and specially under the external wall of ovary (3). the polycystic ovary syndrome is due to hormonal disturbance such as (LH, Estrogen and Dopamine) hormones (4) which lead to menstruation disturb and ovulation disturbance is usually accompany by hypertension, weight gain and hirsute in some areas of body specially the chin and chest (5). The polycystic ovary syndrome is probably a mixed group of related conditions, in it is full from there is hirsutism, amenorrhoea, infertility and ovarian abnormalities in the from of follicular cysts and a thickened capsule preventing ovulation(6), the condition may be discovered during investigations for infertility, breast development is usually normal but endometrial proliferation varies from the unstimulated state to hyperplasia(7). Materials and Methods 1. Samples collection:In this study the blood samples were collected from patients after fasting period for (10-12) hours and (5)ml of blood from each subject was collected and serum was separated from it and then divided in to two parts: 1 st part measurement of the following parameters glucose, total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) by enzymatic methods using kites(8,9), very low lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C) was measurement theoretical(10), and phospholipids(PL) by colorimetric method (11). the 2 nd part was stored at (-18)°c until measurement of fatty acids. 2. Extraction and Separation of lipids from serum: Serum samples were treated with methanol and chloroform to extract lipids(10), lipids extract was separated into three parts cholesterol Abd-Alkream H. Ismail & Mohamed A. H. Jasim & Shaima , a A. H. Jasim 70 ester (CE), triglyceride(TG), phospholipids(PL) using thin layer chromatography (TLC).(11) 3. Transmethylation of fatty acids: In this study analysis and esterfication of fatty acids by using trifloro boron (BF3) in Methanol(16%)(12). 4. Measurmeant of percentage of fatty acids: Measurement of fatty acids in the three lipid fractions was performed by Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC) Shimadzo 2010, column type TR-WAX, and length 30m, in industry center (Syria). 5. Statistical analysis: Results were analyzed statistically for biochemical parameters and the percentage of fatty acids using t-test, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant (13). Results and Dissociation 1Serum Glucose: The results showed that a significant increase in serum glucose in woman with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(PCOS) compared with that control group as indicated in table (1) this increase may be due to insulin resistance which leads to increase serum glucose (14) or due to insulin metabolism defect (15),This result is agreement with other studies(16,17). 2Lipid fractions: The results showed that a significant increase in total cholesterol (TC) in woman with (PCOS) compared with that of control group as indicated in table (1) this increase may be due to increase in (TC) synthesis as a result of insulin resistance in woman with (PCOS) (18).and the results showed that a significant decrease in (HDL-C) in patients comparison with control group as show in table (1) the cause of that may be due to close relationship to the elevated activity of plasma CETP (cholesterol ester transfer protein) which promotes the lipoprotein cholesterol of HDL to be transfered to other lipoprotein in patients (19). on the other hand, the results showed that there is significant increase in (LDL-C) may be due to defect in hepatic receptor (Apo B100) which plays an important role in increasing (LDL-C) through decreasing transport of (LDL-C) to hepatic tissue(20). But the results of (TG) and (VLDL-C) in patients showed unsignificant results compared with control group as show in table (1), the same results were obtained in other new studies(21,22,23). whereas the results showed that a significant increase in (PL) this increases may be due to action of hepatic lipases which lead to abnormality metabolism of lipids specially phospholipids (24) and may cause of smoking which is play import role of increase (PL) in serum(25). Study of Some Biochemical Parameters and Fatty Acids Composition in ... 71 Table(1): Serum Biochemical Parameters from PCOS and control group P value Control 25 PCOS 25 Biochemical Parameters mmol/l <0.001 4.35±0.23 6.86±1.65 Glucose <0.001 4.67± 0.83 6.83±1.30 TC <0.001 1.41±0.21 0.87±0.20 HDL-C <0.001 4.76±0.11 6.12 ±0.51 LDL-C 0.1 1.92±0.86 2.32±0.47 TG 0.12 0.86±0.03 1.04 ±0.08 VLDL-C <0.05 165±9.87 179± 11.54 PL Values:Mean ± SD 3Percentage of fatty acids: The percentage of fatty acids was measured by using (CGC) through comparison of results with standard sample composed of (12) fatty acids, as indicated in fig(1): from the result analysis of standard sample of fatty acids and table (2)demonstrated a retention time (Rt) of these standard fatty acids. Figure (1):The CGC chart of (12) standard fatty acids Abd-Alkream H. Ismail & Mohamed A. H. Jasim & Shaima , a A. H. Jasim 72 Table (2): standard fatty acids Retention time(min) Symbol Standard fatty acids 4.900 C10:0 Capric acid 5.138 C12:0 Lauric acid 8.500 C14:0 Myristic acid 10.08 C16:0 Palmitic acid 16.74 C16:1 Palmitoleic acid 19.09 C18:0 Stearic acid 19.48 C18:1 Oleic acid 20.12 C18:2 Linoleic acid 22.20 C18:3 Linolenic acid 23.46 C20:4 Arachidonic acid 25.12 C20:5 Eicosapentaenoic acid 26.68 C22:6 Docosahexaenoic acid 3.1Percentage of fatty acids in (CE) part: Fig (2) The results showed that a significant increases in percentage of total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in woman with (PCOS) in comparison with control group, as show in table(3), this increasing may be due to abnormality in metabolism of fatty acids in patients(26). also a significant decrease in percentage of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a significant increase in percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in this parts, this increasing may be due to insulin resistance in (PCOS) patients which leads to a big defect in enzymes action which leading to defect in percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (27). 3.2Percentage of fatty acids in (TG) part: Fig (3) The results showed that a significant increase in percentage of total (SFA) and total (MUFA), on the other hand a significant decrease in percentage of total (PUFA) in PCOS patients in compared with that of control group, as shown in table (3), this may be due to some type of food(butter fat and hydrogenate vegetable oils) which leads to increase the risk factor of PCOS disease such as trans-fatty acid (28), or may be due to transport (Acetyl-CoA) from different metabolism pathway to pathway causes anabolism of fatty acids (29). 3.3Percentage of fatty acids in (PL) part: Fig (4) The results showed that a significant decrease in percentage of total (SFA),on the other hand a significant increase in percentage of total (MUFA) and (PUFA) in PCOS patients in comparison with control group,as show in table (3), this decreasing or increasing may be due to defect in action of desaturation enzyme (Δ9) desaturase and elongation enzymes (Δ6), (Δ5) in PCOS patients (30). Study of Some Biochemical Parameters and Fatty Acids Composition in ... 73 Table(3): Percentage of fatty acids composition of CE,PL,TG in serum PCOS woman and control group TG PL CE Fatty acid PCOS control PCOS control PCOS control 5 10 5 10 5 10 n SFA 0.30.10 0.100.04 0.690.08 0.090.01 0.700.05 1.0±0.13 10:0 6.00.15* 2.000.30 1.750.09 1.50.31 1.620.22 1.3±0.23 12:0 5.240.38 4.00.65 2.950.18* 0.380.1 1.360.30 0.560.10 14:0 24.03.34 25.02.60 2.430.89* 10.252.8 3.801.21* 6.001.52 16:0 7.250.9* 5.251.24 11.751.87 10.011.3 10.522.21* 3.000.47 18:0 42.84.9* 36.354.83 19.573.11* 22.234.5 18.003.99* 11.862.45 Total MUFA 7.281.2* 3.500.35 5.60.87* 2.300.7 2.230.87 1.701.20 16:1 18.91.8* 20.241.24 9.262.11 8.301.44 15.02.65* 18.02.54 18:1 26.183.* 23.741.59 14.862.98* 10.62.14 17.233.52* 19.703.74 Total PUFA 17.121.9 18.262.77 17.651.65 18.783.2 22.03.32* 20.02.43 18:2 n-6 1.80.55 2.850.67 5.742.43* 2.100.98 4.500.76* 2.300.44 18:3 n-3 3.24.76 4.850.55 14.282.29* 10.243.2 10.231.83* 6.801.77 20:4 n-6 2.68.21 2.900.54 5.561.20* 2.850.34 4.000.88* 1.560.5 20:5 n-3 2.561.3* 6.650.88 4.51.54* 2.30.50 5.000.67* 2.380.91 22:6 n-3 27.44.7* 35.515.41 47.739.11* 36.278.2 45.737.46* 33.046.0 Total 10.042.1 10.402.09 15.85.17* 7.251.82 13.502.31* 6.241.85 n-3 25.362.* 20.113.32 31.933.94* 29.06.40 


Sümeyra Aydın Bilecik Seyh Edebali University
Wheat leaf rust (brown) caused by Puccinia triticina is a fungal disease and it is very destructive on winter wheat in temperate zones. It affects wheat stems, leaves and seeds. The unhealthy and expensive chemical fungicides are widely used to fight against wheat leaf rust disease. The improvement of wheat cultivars including resistance genes is an alternative fight method instead of chemical fungicides. The resistance genes against wheat leaf rust are named as Lr genes. Lr resistance genes in wheat have been detected by the different DNA-based molecular markers. In this study, detection of some Lr genes  was carried in eighteen winter bread wheat varieties (Bolal 2973, Demir, Kutluk, Kıraç 66, Harmankaya 99, Müfit Bey, Naci Bey, Pehlivan, Tosun Bey, Alpu 01, Soyer, Yayla 305, 4-11, Sönmez 01, Bezostaja-1) using the SSR (microsatellite) molecular markers. The amplified fragments using PCR were separated on 1.3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/ml). Gels were visualized under UV light and digitally photographed and analyzed. The obtained specific DNA bands for each Lr gene were scored as present or absent for detection of resistance genes in wheat varieties. We observed that some wheat varieties including Lr genes. These wheat varieties included these resistance genes as separately or together. The obtained data from analysis results will contribute the development of resistant wheat varieties against wheat leaf rust disease.
Keywords: wheat leaf rust, bread wheat, lr resistance genes, molecular markers, pcr

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Hatice Kaya Bilecik Seyh Edebali University
Yellow rust is a dangerous disease caused by Puccinia striiformis that is a fungal pathogen. P. striiformis reduces crop efficiency and causes serious economic losses in wheat cultivation. Nowadays, some chemical fungicides are extensively used to fight against yellow rust, but these chemicals are not healthy and economic. The wheat cultivars including resistance genes against yellow rust are an alternative fight method instead of fungicides. The resistance genes against yellow rust are called as Yr genes and a lot of Yr resistance genes in wheat has been detected by some DNAbased molecular markers. In this study, detection of some Yr genes  was carried in registered eighteen wheat varieties (Bolal 2973, Demir, Kutluk, Kıraç 66, Harmankaya 99, Müfit Bey, Naci Bey, Pehlivan, Tosun Bey, Alpu 01, Soyer, Yayla 305, 4-11, Sönmez 01, Bezostaja-1) using the molecular (microsatellite) markers. The PCR-amplified fragments were separated on 1.3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (0.5 μg/ml). Agarose gels were visualized under UV light and digitally photographed for analyses. The obtained specific DNA bands using PCR method for each Yr gene were scored as present or absent for detection of resistance genes in wheat varieties. The analysis results showed that some wheat varieties included different Yr genes as separately or together. The obtained data from this study will contribute the development of resistant wheat varieties against yellow rust disease.
Keywords: bread wheat, yellow rust, yr resistance genes, molecular markers, pcr

Saima Kalsoom Babar Sindh Agriculture University
Naheed Akhtar Talpur Sindh Agriculture University Micronutrient deficiency is prevalent worldwide hence an obstacle to attain the healthy crop growth and eventually the yield. Acidic soils of Malaysia are also in same incidence of micronutrient insufficiency because of subsidized (macronutrients) fertilizer practices. Routine fertilizer practices without accessing nutrient contents in the soil, may affect on the growth and quality of rice plant. In this regard a pot experiment was conducted on the selected soils of main rice growing areas of Malaysia (Kedah and Kelantan); to evaluate the effects of Cu and Zn coated urea on rice growth and N-uptake. Copper (3 & 5 kg ha-1) Zn (7 & 10 kg ha-1) as single and combined together, enfolded with coated and un-coated urea along with the recommended doses of NPK; 140, 70 and 70 kg ha-1 respectively were applied. Application of coated urea in combination of Cu and Zn had positive effect on all the growth parameters, chlorophyll contents and N-efficiency in acidic soils. Mean comparison between treatments showed, the significant effect of combined (Cu and Zn) coated urea as compared to individual surface application of Cu and Zn. The growth parameters increment was recorded by 30-40% over control. Furthermore, the N, Cu and Zn contents in the soils along with chlorophyll contents in rice plants were also increased significantly (p<0.05) in combined Cu and Zn coated urea applied soils over control. This increment in growth parameters is an evidence for better rice yield.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ilham Eroz Poyraz Anadolu University
Hexythiazox ((4RS,5RS)-5-(4-Chlorphenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-4 -methyl-2-oxo-1,3thiazolidin -3-carboxamid) is a chemical substance extensively used in agriculture as acaricide (insecticide) and is known to be very effective on the red spider (Arachnida). Until to date, genotoxic effects of this pesticide on plants have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine genotoxic effects of hexythiazox on wheat (Triticum aestivum) by using ISSR-PCR analysis. The different doses (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) of hexythiazox were performed on germinated T. aestivum roots for 24, 48 and 72 hours. DNA samples were isolated from wheat roots using classic CTAB method. DNA fragments were amplified by PCR using 10 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) primers. The PCR products were separated on 1.2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (0.5 Î¼g/ml). Agarose gels were visualized under UV light and photographed with the digital camera for analyses. The exposure to the hexythiazox caused changes in band profiles of test group when compared with the control group. These changes included appearance of new bands, loss of normal bands and variation in band intensity. The results indicated that ISSR analysis is a valuable tool for the evaluation of the genotoxic effects of various chemicals including pesticides.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ayşe Oğuz Ünver Mugla Sitki Kocman University
In Turkey, the number of in-service teachers in primary and middle schools has reached a huge number (617.228 people) by the academic year of 2016-2017. Most of these teachers are acquired contemporary teaching and learning techniques via intensive and short-term in-service trainings. One of the highlights of these trainings is inquiry-based in-service science education. In particular, science teachers are constantly following these trainings. However, the evaluations of these teachers' classroom performance commonly were not followed. The purpose of this case study is to identify how a teacher from this group adapt scientific inquiry into his practices, and also to understand what kind of training needs he/she has. The data set out here were collected with the videos during a class visit and an interview with the teacher. A class visit was planned for a teacher who declares that he/she is applying inquirybased practices. After getting an appointment to visit, the teacher designed an activity about light and mirror concepts that reflects his/her understanding of inquiry. The activity videos and the latest inquiry practices of the teacher mentioned within interview were analyzed and interpreted qualitatively by using the coding scheme of Diagnostic Tool for Teacher-Pupil Interactions. The preliminary results showed that the teacher apply the activities with one or two indicators of inquiry learned from in-service trainings, beyond applying them as a scientific process in a holistic manner. The analysis of the interviews showed that the teachers understanding of inquiry can be shaped limited, inadequate or sometimes with misunderstandings via intensive trainings with a few sample activities or explanations. Therefore, this case shows us a ground to approach in-service trainings in a different way. The reflective in-service classroom practices rather than intensive programs could be more effective for teachers' development.

Ayşe Oğuz Ünver Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
The need for adaption to new innovations, researching, inquiring, and criticizing versatile individuals is increasing day by day with the progress of science and technology. Individuals involved in the field of science who have these characteristics, are one of the main targets of the curriculum. The Inquiry Investigating Teams (IIT) program, which has been developed in this context, aims to develop a positive attitude towards science, by making students themselves feel like scientists. At the same time, the reduction of any negative impact that may arise from partial applications by shortening the duration of the learning environment ensures that students go through the learning experience with all variations of querybased applications. In this context, the aim of the study is to introduce the inquiry investigating teams (IIT) program, which is developed with a research and inquirybased learning strategy. Besides that, it also encourages the emergence of students ' opinions about the ongoing IIT program. In the study, the action research pattern was used in qualitative research methods. The reason is that the researcher would be close to data, could recognize the process closely, and bring together the research and implementation of the pattern. The sample of the research consists of 12 students who are educated in a private secondary school in Western Anatolia who are in 5th grade (3 girls, 1 boys) and 7th Grade (4 girls, 4 boys). The private school where the applications were carried out had a student profile at a similar socioeconomic level. In the study, interviews were conducted with students as data acquisition tool and the researcher's observation notes were used. As a result of preliminary data, the processing of science subjects in the framework of the project has caused students to integrate their science subjects in their day-to-day life. The students not only benefit through their own exploration, curiosity and questioning but also, they comprehend the nature of scientific inquiry.

Keywords: inquiry investigating teams, inquiry based learning, science education
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Volodymyr Sulyma Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy
Currently, Ukraine is developing and phased implementation of medical reform, which involves the organization of work at the primary level of providing qualified medical help by a family medicine doctor. This reform can be accompanied by the development of possible medical and social and financial problems. The transfer of funding to the primary medical level and the possibility of allocating funds allocated to a specific number of residents assigned to a family medicine doctor can lead to the following problems: 1. The examination of patients only by a family medicine doctor in order to save the allocated financial resources and not performing complex laboratory and modern apparatus-instrumental additional researchers can lead to the establishment of an incorrect diagnosis, which will lead to the choice of the wrong treatment tactic and to the patient's serious condition, and in some cases and to death. 2. Treatment of patients only by a family medicine physician in order to save allocated financial resources and failing to consult with related specialists at the second and third levels of medical care, delay in hospitalization of patients to the hospital, may lead to the establishment of an incorrect diagnosis and the choice of the wrong treatment tactics, to a serious condition the patient, and to his death. It is necessary to develop serious control conditions that will avoid the development of these problems when introducing medical reform in Ukraine.

Keywords: medical reform, problems, family doctor
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Volodymyr Sulyma Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy
Existing methods of ectomy of chronic anal fissure is now accompanied by a fairly large number of postoperative complications such as pain syndrome, breach urine, bleeding, local edema, which leads to additional suffering patient, increases the cost of treatment. The aim is to study the results of treatment of chronic anal fissure through the use of electrocautery generator LigaSure (Covidien) for fissure and vessels that supply blood to them. After dilatation anal sphincters spend revision anal canal. Clip tighten chronic anal fissure from 0,5 to 2,0 cm from anal verge to 3,0 cm on deep recti on top and put on his stretched base, including vascular leg, bent electrode apparatus LigaSure. Spend electric welding grounds unit at intensity 2 or 3 LEDs, after which chronic anal fissure of the clip is removed without firmware vascular legs. Histological research after operation. Applying this method on treatment of 21 patients with a diagnosis of "Chronic anal fissure". Performance ectomy of chronic anal fissure using LigaSure, spread through small areas of damage and no sutures in the anal region, leads to a reduction of pain, no bleeding and swelling of tissue, accelerate wound healing, reduction of terms of treatment and temporary disability. This method is had trauma (zone 300-600 microns of tissue damage, early wound healing) and easy to use that can significantly improve the results of surgery and reduce the number of postoperative complications after ectomy of chronic anal fissure.
Keywords: surgical treatment, anal fissure, electric welding

Mohamed Alobeady Mosul University
This study was designed to compare the level of some biochemical parameters and lipid fractions and percentage of fatty acids in serum of women with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study includes (25) patients(females) who were diagnosed by ultrasonography. The sample collection is from Al-Bitol teaching hospital in Mosul city. The age is between (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) year and compared with (25) normal woman with same age were collected as control and measurement of a number of biochemical parameters in serum, as well as analysis and measurement of percentage of fatty acids in the fatty component of serum (cholesterol ester, phospholipids and triglyceride) by applying thin layer chromatography (TLC) and then re-esterfication fatty acids and measurement percentage of fatty acids applying capillary gas chromatography (CGC). The result of this study shows that there is a significant difference in the level of studied biochemical parameter and fatty acids percentage in patients compared with the control group.
Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, fatty acid, capillary gas chromatography Electromagnetic waves have been mathematically described by James Clerk Maxwell for the first time after many years of scientists' struggle to understand the world and the universe. Considering widespread use of technological devices emitting electromagnetic waves, their possible environmental and health effects, their role in rapidly advancing energy sector; electromagnetic waves have been a matter of curiosity amongst people. The reason of this curiosity is that electromagnetic waves do not fall directly into human observation range. The purpose of this study was using sequential inquiry-based science activities with challenging questions to make unobservable electromagnetic waves sensible and visible. In this context, 10 sequential demonstration activities were implemented to 46 teacher candidates continuing their education in third grade of science teacher education department. They were asked to note their predictions, observations and inferences down on the worksheets. Participants were surprised when a radio placed into a trashcan stopped playing music or a phone covered with aluminum foil did not receive calls since their observations contradicted with their common experiences. Bachelard defined this phenomenon as ''scientific discontinuity''. Even after weeks, participants tried to come up with explanations regarding their observations since their sense of curiosity was aroused and they had an irresistible desire for exploration. Classroom discussions were video recorded for detailed analysis. As intended; with the sequential activities, exploration of electromagnetic waves occurred at the end. In addition, with the light of inquiry, participants started thinking scientifically considering science as a part of their lives and a solution of problems. According to the results, it was determined that participants generally confused electromagnetic waves with sound waves, signal, power of attraction, frequency concepts. Recognition of some variables, comparisons between radio and microwaves by participants were observed. Interpretation of the data showed that participants generally had misconceptions and lack of knowledge regarding electromagnetic waves.
Keywords: electromagnetic waves, radio waves, microwaves, physics education, electromagnetic wave theory

Tolga Erdogan Ndu Army Nco Vocational College
Learning a foreign language is regarded as a tool for communicating with individuals from all over the world. For that purpose, many people learn English as a foreign language. These people prefer learning English in a way they spend less time and effort. Due to that necessity, many surveys have been conducted to reveal which approach is more effective. Natural Approach is proven to be effective by many researches. The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale for identifying attitudes toward Natural Approach. The study group of the research has formed 231 high school students from İzmir, a coastal district of Turkey. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin score for the 40-item draft scale was 0.814 and the Barlett test was. 00. The 18 item and 3 factor structures obtained as a result of exploratory factor analysis was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Factors are called interest, emotion and action. The scale explains 47.601 % of the total variance. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient for all the scales was 0.826. The item-total and itemresidual correlation coefficients are significant; the upper and the lower 27% group analyzes were found to be distinguishing the items and the factors. The correlation coefficients among the factors were found to be significant. As a result of the testretest, the correlation coefficient was found to be significant for all the scales.
Keywords: natural approach, attitude, language learning and teaching

Tolga Erdogan Ndu Army Nco Vocational College
Natural Approach in foreign language teaching has been receiving attention as a result of research suggesting benefits of comprehensible input. According to Natural Approach, foreign language learner resembles to a newborn baby in terms of acquiring language. As baby descends earth, its mind is completely empty. As the time passes, its mind gets full of input obtained from what he listens or sees. In Turkey, Constructivist Approach is approved in foreign language teaching by the ministry of education. Researches suggest that Constructivist Approach is not effective enough to reach long-term goals of foreign language learning. To measure Natural Approach's effectiveness, it is necessary to measure students' attitudes toward Natural Approach. In Turkey, such a study does not exist. In this study, the goal is to measure the attitudes of high school students toward Natural Approach in foreign language teaching. This attitude scale is developed for high school students. In this research, general survey method is used. As a sample, 231 high school students are determined. 46 students from ninth grade, 59 from tenth grade, 76 from eleventh grade and 50 from twelfth grade joined the research. In the research, a Likert scale '' Attitude toward Natural Approach'' which consists of 18 items is used. The findings obtained are analyzed in terms of grade, seniority of teacher and income.
Keywords: attitude, natural approach, language teaching International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Raneem Jalal Khoury Birzeit University
Mousa M. M. Khaldi Birzeit University The aim of this study was to try to integrate a student with "ADHD" into a normal class following a qualitative action research approach. The study main key question is: What strategies do teachers find effective to support students with ADHD to integrate within mainstream education? The study importance stems from the hope that it will provide an opportunity for teachers who teach heterogeneous classes to benefit from its outcomes. The study followed a qualitative action research approach, that was carried out on a student diagnosed as suffering from ADHD. The intervention included some educational, emotional and behavioral aspects. The findings indicated some improvements of the child's behavior. The student became in a better position to control some of his negative behavior, such as movement and lack of random beating, or aggressive behavior when responding. In light of these results, the researchers recommend to select one or two behaviors of the student to research, in cooperation with the parents, and the rest related body in the school. It is also recommended that those who deal with a student with ADHD should keep calm when the student with ADHD is in a losing control position. Teachers should avoid talking about the student's negative behavior in front of him or his classmates. Finally, the teacher must arrange a weekly meeting with the parents to discuss the student's development.
Keywords: special education, adhd, inclusive education, action research, case study International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ministry of Education & Higher Education
The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of blended learning on English as a Foreign Language students' usage of grammar in context. Experimental design was conducted on two sections of tenth graders in a Palestinian public school near Ramallah. Thus, the current study attempted to answer the following main questions: 1-What are the effects of blended learning on EFL students' usage of grammar in context? 2-What are students' perceptions of the benefits and limitations of the blended material? In order to answer these questions, pre-posttests and interview were used as instruments for the data collection. Quantitative data was calculated using SPSS as well as thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The results of this study revealed that blended learning has positive effect on students' achievement in grammar instruction. The achievement of the experimental group outperformed the control group. In addition, participants showed positive attitudes toward the blended material, they pointed out that it helped them to retain what they learn. Also, it gives them feedback and improves their pronunciation, all of this in an interesting and fun way.
Keywords: blended learning, usage of grammar in context, efl students

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ministry of Education
Alzahra' Secondary Girls School is the first female school established in Jenin city. It includes two branches: Literary and Commercial streams. The school is located in the city center and at the entrance of Jenin Camp, making it accessible to everyone. The fact that it is accessible to everyone has made it very difficult for the students since they all come from different backgrounds and have very little knowledge of each other's backgrounds. Recently, there has been major disagreement among female students that led to direct appeal made by parents. Most of the problems were caused by rumors. By research, we found that the first secondary commercial class "1" is the source of rumors. The educational supervisor and the Head Teacher were unable to control the problem so we decided to explore the subject of rumor through drama. The central event that we relied on was the announcement of the disappearance of a girl whose family could not find yet. I, as the teacher and researcher, showed them a black and white picture from a newspaper and I wanted to know the impact and risk of rumor on people and on our society. I wanted to examine the following central questions: What makes someone start rumors about others? What does a person gain from spreading rumors? How does a human being feel when they hear about the rumor being spread about them and how does it hurt them? Is it right for us to destroy the other? In the beginning, I presented images with visual tricks and asked the students to look at them and describe what is happening in the picture. They described the picture superficially because they saw it from a distance. After looking at the picture from more than one side, one of the students shouted that she saw an old woman rather than a girl! Here, the students tried to get closer to the pictures and they observed the picture more closely. This activity was followed by many other drama activities. This research expanded my horizons and awareness as a teacher at a high school where the book was the only constitution for learning, and indoctrination was the foundation and made me believe in drama because it is one of the strongest methods that makes us explore our students' thoughts and makes us closer to them. This experience deepened my students' confidence in me and had the most significant effect on improving the behavior of the entire class, which was reflected this year by modifying the negative behavior of my female students.

Keywords: education, drama
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ali Eraslan Ondokuz Mayis University
Mathematical modeling studies continue to get increasing attention from primary school to university in every level in our country. The primary school level, which will complete middle and high school programs, has the vital prospect that it will form the basis of the program. This research is a qualitative study conducted by the 4thgrade students of the foundation primary school established in a university which is located in a large provincial center in the Black Sea region with the 2016-2017 academic year. A group of 20 students who did not have modeling experience were given appropriate training for three weeks in the perspective of mathematical modeling in the study. In this training, the whole class worked in groups of four with a different modeling activity for each week, developed models and presented their models. The purpose of this study is to determine the diversity and pattern of the models that the groups developed as a result of working with the Kids Volleyball Tournament Problem. For this, the assessment tool developed by Carmona was used. During the study, all groups were included in the video and audio recording and analyzed qualitatively with the working papers used by the students. The first findings of the study showed that students had difficult to do mathematical calculations and demonstrations while they were successful in verbal presentation. Moreover, it has been determined that the students tried to improve their models by comparing the data in the problem with each other.
Keywords: mathematical modeling, primary students, the kids volleyball tournament problem

Ali Eraslan Ondokuz Mayis University
Mathematical modeling has taken its place in the current primary mathematics curriculum as one of the six basic mathematics skills. Therefore, there is a need to introduce the relatively new mathematical modeling approaches in primary school mathematics in Turkey. Especially in the process of dissemination of the modeling approach in primary school, it is of great importance to increase the knowledge and experience of primary school teachers about how to use such activities in classrooms. Because of today, only a few of the universities' primary education programs have modeling teaching courses in their required course list. For this reason, a longitudinal research has been carried out with the primary school students in the center of a large province in the Black Sea region using Modeling Activities. As part of this research, it is aimed to present some suggestions for the application of the modeling activities in the classroom environment, the regulation of the classes, the formation of the groups and the evaluation of the process. Modeling Activities used in studies are one of the most important tools that allow students to acquire and develop mathematical modeling skills at primary level. Under the light of the results obtained, this paper is to introduce Modeling Activities, emphasize the difference from other problems; determine the role of the teacher and the learner throughout the process; class organization, duration and form of application; present suggestions on how students should be assessed and also inform primary school teachers about potential difficulties in the whole process.
Keywords: modeling activities, primary school, learning environment

Mousa Khaldi Birzeit University
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of teaching Grade Nine geometry transformations unit based on a multiple representations model on learners' achievement and explore its effect in developing learners' ability to interpret and justify their actions of geometry transformations. To achieve this goal, a quantitative approach was utilized with a quasi-experimental design, in parallel to an analytical descriptive qualitative approach. The geometry transformations unit was designed based on multiple representations, which included relevant concepts, examples and activities. The results revealed a positive effect of employing multiple representations in teaching geometry transformations on learners' achievement. It also improved the higher thinking skills of the learners compared to those who learned in the traditional way. The study also demonstrated that employing multiple representations in teaching deepened the cognitive structures of learners, giving them the ability to interpret their actions deeply, and developing their higher thinking skills. Based on these findings, the study ended up with a set of recommendations for decision makers in the Palestinian Ministry of Education. Other recommendations for future studies were also offered.
Keywords: geometry teaching, multiple representations, achievement, math teaching

Hamit Mirtagioğlu Bitlis Eren University
In the past, one of the main problems for the researchers was collecting data. Today, thanks to developments in science and technology it is possible to measure different variables of many experimental units. In other words, nowadays the data is flowing from everywhere. Although having many measurements of different variables is a great advantage to obtain more detailed and reliable information about the effect of interested factor(s), this case may cause to run into different challenges especially at the stage of statistical analysis. Since there will be many measures of experimental units in terms of interested factor(s), the researchers will have to work with a massive and complex data sets. For such cases, due to the differences of the type of the measured variables, number of factors and number of experimental units or sample size, usage of the classical tests such as ANOVA, Correlation and Regression Analyses, Chi-Square Analysis will not be appropriate for analyzing data sets. For such cases, some graphical techniques namely Analysis of Mean (ANOM), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Correspondence Analysis (CA), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Optimal Scaling (OS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Cherneoff Face may be efficiently used in analyzing big and complex data sets. In this study, it has been focused on when and how to use graphical techniques instead of classical tests in analyzing big and complex data sets. For this aim, three different data sets related to economy have been analyzed by using ANOM, CART, and MDS techniques.
Keywords: big and complex data set, anom, cart, mds

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Mehmet Mendes Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
Questionnaire studies are widely designed in Social, Educational, Medicine, Agricultural and some other related sciences. Although they are commonly used in practice, it is noticed that the researchers have different challenges especially at the stage of determining require sample size, number of questions which will be asked and appropriate statistical test or method will be used for analyzing data sets. Overcoming the challenges with a correct way is extremely important in terms of getting reliable and stable estimations. In this study, it has been focused on what the researchers should do in order to minimize deviation from reality (difference between population values and sample values) and how they can handle those kinds of challenges. For this purpose, a comprehensive Monte Carlo Simulation Study has been carried out. Results of simulation study indicated that there were a few important factors (i.e. number of questions being asked, association levels among the questions, margin error level, number of options etc.), generally ignored by the researchers, had significant impact on the reliability and the stability of the estimates. Pyrimidine derivatives are attracting great interest by many research groups due to their multiple biological and medical properties such as cardiotropic, antineoplastic, antihypertensive, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer agents. Their applications in drug research have encouraged organic chemists to improve new synthetic methods that can be used for their preparation and transformations. Various alkaloids that contain the dihydropyrimidine nucleus display interesting biological activities. Some functionalized pyrimidine compounds have been used as Ca-channel blockers and anti-hypertensive agents [1][2][3]. So far, several methods have been reported in the literature for dihydropyrimidine compounds and majority of them were based on Biginelli reaction [4]. At present continuing with our studies on the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives using conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The purpose of that works is to extend the Biginelli reactions in order to synthesize some 4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives via Biginelli reaction. The reported method is suggested that a simple and efficient route for the preparation of 4,7dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Erdem Ergan Van Yuzuncu Yil University
The deterioration of materials due to corrosion causes economic loss. A wide variety of research is conducted to prevent this harmful process. One of the excellent method to protect materials against corrosion is use of organic compounds containing heteroatoms. The physicochemical properties of the inhibitor are important features that determine adsorption on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency is closely related to the adsorption abilities and electronic structure. The most effective inhibitors behaving as electron donors to unoccupied d orbital of metal surface to form coordinate covalent bonds, and as acceptor of free electrons from the metal surface by using their anti-bonding orbitals. The quantum chemical calculations have been widely used to the reactivity of organic compounds for corrosion inhibition. The progress in methodology has reached a point where predicted properties of reasonable accuracy can be obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The geometry and molecular orbitals of the organic compounds is involved in the properties of inhibitors activity. The inhibition properties of compounds have been correlated with frontier orbital energy of highest occupied molecular orbital energy (E HOMO ), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E LUMO ), and energy gap (E LUMO-HOMO ) [1][2][3]. The 4,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors for iron using density functional theory. The quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, energy gap, dipole moment, electron affinity, ionization potential, absolute electronegativity, global hardness, softness, fraction of electrons transferred, electrophilicity index and back-donation have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set.

Mesut Aydın Inonu University
Between the years 1923 and 1946, The Republican Party, is the party that raised the staff who guided the Turkish political life and the state. CHP formed a widespread organization throughout the country in a short time and made investigations to audit their colleagues working in the country in certain periods. In this study, the aim was to determine the administrative structure of the Gaziantep City and socio-economic and cultural structure of the city based on the investigation reports kept between 1935-1945 by the Members of the Parliament for Gaziantep and CHP inspectors. The activities of the community centers were audited as two periods in annual scale between 1932-1951 by Party Inspectors, and the missing points, mistakes and the viewpoints and demands of local administrators were determined and reported to the Secretary General of CHP. In this respect, Gaziantep Community Center was audited by the members of the parliament for Gaziantep and by the party inspectors since the first establishment, and regular reports were sent to the Secretary General of CHP. The investigation reports provide us important data on the activities of the Gaziantep Community Center, and on the political, social, economic and cultural structure of Gaziantep. In this study, the literature review method was used as the study model. The findings that were obtained as a result of the review were analyzed.

Keywords: CHP, Community Center, Audit Reports, Gaziantep
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Erol Koçoğlu Inonu University
Financial literacy can be defined as a level of competence that enables a consumer to make informed assessments in the use and management of money and to make effective and rational decisions in the selection of financial instruments to direct investments (https://www.teb.com.tr/document/financial-okuryazarlik-ve-accessendeksi.pdf). In other words, financial literacy can be defined as the ability to have the ability to intelligently evaluate individuals' income, accumulation and investments, and manage their budget appropriately. Financial literacy according to what the OECD has done; is to increase financial well-being by informing financial consumers about financial products and concepts or by having a preference for financial risk and alternatives (https://www.teb.com.tr/document/financialcorporation-and-term-indexi. pdf). When evaluating the financial literacy skills of working population in Turkey I can say that it is a skill which can be regarded as temporal. Because, we can see from the society structure that there is not much attention in the Turkish society in the first decade of working life and investment thinking towards future. In order to test the accuracy of the above expression, which is expressed as a hypothesis in the study, it was decided by the investigator to make such a study. In this study, opinions of individuals from various professions with proficiency in the field of financial literacy skills were used and opinions were evaluated by content analysis.
Keywords: financial literacy, profession, accumulation, investment, skill Abstract Book

M. Korkud Aydın Inonu University
As of the 2 nd World War, the competition between the USA and the Soviet Russia, which determined the world politics, caused that an era called "Cold War" appeared. Turkey became a natural member of the Western Block by taking side with the USA in this grouping. One of the most important results of the security policies of Turkey was the establishment of the Baghdad Treaty. The Baghdad Treaty was established on February 24, 1955 with the entrepreneurship of Turkey and Iraq. Within the process, Iran, Pakistan and the UK also participated to the Baghdad Treaty. However, no other Middle Eastern countries aside from Iraq respected the Baghdad Treaty. After the military coup in Iraq by General Kasım, the new Iraqi Government decided to resign from the Baghdad Treaty. Then, the center of the organization was transferred to Ankara. Soon after, the Baghdad Treaty was changed into CENTO with the leadership and participation of the USA. CENTO sustained its existence until the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and after this date, it was dissolved when Iran quit the organization. The establishment of the Baghdad Treaty is important in that it explains the foreign policy of Turkey during Cold War years. In the present study, the characteristics of the foreign policy of Turkey, and the role of Turkey in the organization in the process that started from the establishment of the Baghdad Treaty until the dissolution of CENTO, and the viewpoint of the Middle-Eastern countries on Turkey will be dealt with.

M. Korkud Aydin Inonu University
National days have contributions in establishing the national conscious and in strengthening the connection between the individuals and the state, and also activate the solidarity and cooperation feelings among the individuals. Community Centers were among the primary institutions that performed this in early Republican Period. The national days and festivals that were celebrated in the Community Centers of different cities and counties were also celebrated in Malatya Community Center. For the purpose of commemorating the August 30, Victory Day, which is considered as the milestone of the National Struggle, and with which the final strike was made to the enemy, Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha participated in person to the ceremony in Afyon Dumlupınar, Çal Village on August 30, 1924 and was called "Commanded-in-Chief Victory". The draft bill to accept the 30 th August as a national day was prepared by the "Müdafaa-i Milliye Vekâleti" and proposed to the Ministerial Cabinet on January 7, 1926 and was sent to the TGNA on February 6, 1926 after negotiations in the Ministerial Cabinet on January 27, 1926. TGNA accepted the bill as a law on April 1, 1926. One of the national days celebrated in Malatya community center was August 30, Victory Day. In this study, the activities of the Governor's Office, Military Units and Malatya Community Center were included. The aim of the study, which was conducted on the activities in the celebrations of August 30, Victory Day, was to determine the activities of the Malatya Community Center in cultural field in the early years of the Republic. In this present study, the literature review method was used as the research model. The findings obtained as a result of the review were analyzed in the study.

M. Korkud Aydın Inonu University
Community centers were established on February 19, 1932 as cultural institutions. These institutions, which were the most important complements of Public Training in the early years of the Republic, acted as public schools that were influential on the establishment of national conscious until 1951. One of the most important duties of community centers was the activities to celebrate the national days and weeks. National days strengthened the national unity among the citizens and activated the cooperation and solidarity feelings. These national days, which were celebrated in the community centers of different cities and counties, were also celebrated in Malatya Community Center. After the elections on May 14, 1950, which was called as the white revolution, the Democrat Party came to power and guided the destiny of the country with non-stop three governmental periods. In the first years of the DP, developments that may be considered as positive were observed in the political, economic and social life of the country, and the most significant of all, important steps were taken towards democratization. However, in the period after 1957, the democratic developments and some other events that happened abroad caused that the DP moved away from the discourses it had when it came to power, which altogether caused that the end of the DP was prepared. DP was moved away from the government when Adnan Menderes, Fatin Rüştü Zorlu and Hasan Polatkan were executed, which still pricks the conscious of the society; and a military administration took over the power in the new process. In the process after the coup occurred on May 27, 1960, a cautionary judgment was enacted to the immovable assets of the DP, and the assets and properties of the members of the parliament for DP and local administrators were investigated. In the investigations, it was questioned whether the administrators acquired their properties with unjust methods or not. In this context, the properties of the Amasya DP Provincial President, and Member of the Parliament for Amasya from DP were investigated. The study was prepared by examining the news in the local newspapers and the Prime Ministry, Republican Archives.

Ayat Saadat Talab Kharazmi University
This study aims to highlight the existing constraints for developing research ethics among faculty members of an Iranian state university. It is suggested to be taken into consideration that research ethics in an organization like a university, is deeply influenced by its academic culture because a university needs the specific culture and also the research ethics. The researchers applied Denison organizational model as a proper model to view the impact of different aspects of the model on the research ethics among an Iranian state university. The researchers classified the four aspects of the model as involvement, adaptability, consistency and mission; they also applied quantitative approach, Fredman non-parametric measurement using a researchermade questionnaire and finally the purposeful sampling. They randomly chose 60 faculty members in Human Science as respondents. The conclusion lights up that among the four dimensions of Denison Organizational Model, adaptability and mission own the highest ranks among other traits as to highest attribution to research ethics.

Samar Ayoub Global Academy International School
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of integrating crafts in teaching Arab students, who are nonnative English speakers in English teaching lessons. In the Arabian Peninsula boredom may be associated with formal traditional methods. In classrooms, Arab students often struggle to communicate using English language. This may be frustrating in some cases. Being one of the creative arts, crafts engage children across all learning domains including cognitive, social, physical and emotional. By using these crafts, English teachers enrich the learning experience of their students. As long as the objective of the craft agrees with Common Core Standards, it can be applied in all stages of the English lessons. Craft can be used to draw students' attention, introduce a lesson, offer more practice, or assess their knowledge. The research suggests that when students acquire a language skill while creating an art craft, they become actively engaged in the learning process. This helps them grasp concepts easily and then put these concepts into use in their daily life. Crafts are also a self-esteem booster. As an English teacher, I applied various strategies with fifth and sixth graders to improve their skills and found that crafts produced by the students throughout the learning process were very meaningful and inspiring for all learners, including those who are underachievers. They were able to communicate in English while describing the process of creating their craft projects. The final results, and insights derived from this study will be discussed. The human needs changes and diversifies by the improvement of technology. It is important to make these new technologies applicable in related industry. However, adaptation of the industry to a novel tool usually takes time. This is because of the learning and familiarization period of the new tool. Most of the employees prefer to carry on using a tool which he/she get used to. Therefore, they don't want to spend time and energy for something new. These tools reduce the workload of the workers and improve their ability about their work. One of the recent emerging technologies is 3D printer. 3D printers are extremely useful and flexible tools for production. It is almost possible to produce anything you want as long as you can get the solid model. Marine industry is a sector where usage of 3D printers is a must. A ship is a very large plant with thousands of different machines. All machines have various spare parts. And all parts of a machine don't have spares. Besides some important spare parts may not exist on board ship or may be used. If you need a spare part or a part of a machine you have to produce it by yourself. All spare parts are not possible to be produced by the existing facilities on board ship. However, it would be possible with a 3D printer. That's why a 3D printer should be one of the main equipment on board ship which would be lifesaving in critical failure times.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Gazi Koçak Istanbul Technical University
Recently, researchers have been studying energy efficiency of various power plants. Ships are also floating power plants and produce energy for propulsion, electricity and other demands. Therefore, ship power plant should be operated efficiently for energy saving and thus economic and environmental benefits. The exergy is a method for efficiency analysis in a system based on the second law of thermodynamics. Due to its usefulness this method is preferred for efficiency analysis of power plants. In this study, efficiency analysis of a container ship's combined power plant is carried out based on exergetic approaches. The study is realized for full load condition of the container ship. The data is obtained from a realistic engine room simulator (ERS) for the analysis. The exergy equations for this power system are defined and the obtained data are used in these equations for carrying out analysis. Even more Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software is used for solving the equations. The main outcome of this study is ability to determine the system components which reduce energy efficiency of the ship power system. In this paper we focus on project-based learning approach implemented into the teaching practice for training Bachelor and Master students of Chemistry Department at the Buketov Karaganda State University. Project study allows acquiring knowledge and skills needed to deal with real-life situations and developing teamwork and communication skills. We gave examples of using project studies in the classroom and discuss the effectiveness of active learning strategies for promoting deeper understanding of courses material. Learning in Chemistry classes was evaluated using various types of assessment. Bloom's taxonomy was applied to identify critical thinking skills (comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation) that can be connected with specific assessment methods such as Venn diagrams, open-ended questions, image analysis, and concept maps. Assessment criteria for Bachelor and Master students' activities were elaborated. We revealed the positive role of both active learning approach and formative& summative assessment for the progress of chemistry students, their positive attitude toward the subjects as well as the trainees' motivation for further study and developing creative thinking skills.

Keywords
Keywords: active learning, project study, assessment criteria

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Güler Aydın Inonu University
In the context of the new order that was started with the republic, the revolutions of the alphabet, the language, and culture are especially important. As it is well-known, the Turkish Alphabet was accepted on November 1, 1928 and was based on the Latin Language. Then, on November 24, 1928, it was decided that schools with the name of "Schools of the Nation" would be opened to spread literacy and the new alphabet. The "Schools of the Nation", for whom the president and the head teacher was Atatürk, started education on January 1, 1929. Those who graduated from these schools, which had two steps, were given literacy certificate. "Schools of the Nation" made over one million people acquire literacy in Turkey within a short time period. However, the education was limited in these existing educational institutions, and new institutions were needed. The Community Centers, which were stabled in 1932, had important duties to cover this need. The Community Centers were indispensable corporate institutions of the literacy campaign in Early Republic Period and showed an important achievement with the literacy courses they opened in The Community Courses and Courses Branch. It was asked in the instructions sent to The Community Centers by the secretary general of the CHP that courses would be opened and every citizen who could not attend schools would be taught how to read in these areas. As it was the case all over the country, a campaign was started in Ağrı the Community Centers against illiteracy; and these centers taught how to read and write to many citizens.
Keywords: Ağrı Community Center, the Revolution of the Alphabet, ignorance, literacy, courses

Güler Aydın Inonu University
The most important characteristic of the Turkish Revolution was the efforts for establishing a national corporate structure. It is possible to see the traces of these efforts almost in every step of the Turkish Revolution, which we may consider as the efforts for a new order. The efforts for making all individuals acquire a "family name" as well as their "proper names" were considered as the values that reflected the efforts in Turkish History and Turkish Language; and were one of the most important steps taken to form a national identity. With this practice, it was aimed that the chief of the family would receive a family name and the other members of the family would use it, which is the case in Western societies. The issue was brought to the TGNA with a draft bill prepared by the Government. The family law was enacted on June 21, 1934. In another law enacted on November 26, 1934, the titles and nicknames like hacı, hafız, hoca, molla, efendi, bey, beyefendi, paşa, hanım, hanımefendi and hazret were abolished. It was stated that the citizens would be mentioned only with their names in official documents and in the law. After the family law was enacted, everybody in Malatya, which was the case everywhere throughout the country, started to seek for a proper "family name" that fit their abilities, professions, and some habits. National and local newspapers mentioned this in their columns and tried to help people select a proper family name. The local newspaper in Malatya, Fırat, started this duty, which was considered as a public duty, and continued for a long time. The study includes this process and the family names received by facilities in Malatya; and is based on the data of the Fırat Newspaper.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Güler Aydın Inonu University
Community Centers were very important cultural institutions and were established with the directives of Atatürk and spread all over Turkey in a short time. Community Centers served in nine branches. It cannot be denied that they had social and cultural contributions under then-present conditions. Community Centers were established on February 19, 1932 and became widespread in a short time. They opened branches all over the country under the umbrella title of the CHP and reached counties and villages through Community Chambers as of 1940. One of the Community Centers that were opened in the country was the Hatay Community Center. When Hatay continued its existence as a separate city of Syria, it was opened under the title of "Community Center" under the leadership of Abdülgani Türkmen, who was one of the prominent names of the city on July 20, 1937. Hatay joined the homeland in 1939 and was given the status of a province. As of this date, Hatay Community Center completed its organizations and intensified its activities. It served to the Turkish culture by reinforcing it in the area with five Community Centers and several Community chambers. One of the most important activities of Hatay Community Center was publishing activities. The Community Centers used to publish several publications all over the country, and Hatay Community Center also issued the Beautiful Hatay Journal. In addition, literacy courses were opened in the area, and contributions were made to the education of citizens. The Community Center enhanced the cultural life of Hatay with Language and Literature, Book Palace and Publications, Gösterit, Fine Arts, Peasantry, Public Courses and branches.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Güler Aydın Inonu University
In the context of the new order that was started with the republic, the revolutions of the alphabet, the language, and culture are especially important. As it is well-known, the Turkish Alphabet was accepted on November 1, 1928 and was based on the Latin Language. Then, on November 24, 1928, it was decided that schools with the name of "Schools of the Nation" would be opened to spread literacy and the new alphabet. The "Schools of the Nation", for whom the president and the head teacher was Atatürk, started education on January 1, 1929. Those who graduated from these schools, which had two steps, were given literacy certificate. "Schools of the Nation" made over one million people acquire literacy in Turkey within a short time period. However, the education was limited in these existing educational institutions, and new institutions were needed. The Community Centers, which were stabled in 1932, had important duties to cover this need. The Community Centers were indispensable corporate institutions of the literacy campaign in Early Republic Period and showed an important achievement with the literacy courses they opened in The Community Courses and Courses Branch. It was asked in the instructions sent to The Community Centers by the secretary general of the CHP that courses would be opened and every citizen who could not attend schools would be taught how to read in these areas. As it was the case all over the country, a campaign was started in Bitlis the Community Centers against illiteracy; and these centers taught how to read and write to many citizens.
Keywords: Bitlis Community Center, the Revolution of the Alphabet, ignorance, literacy, courses

University of Galatz
The changes in the Romanian higher education scenery have imposed essential changes of the educational process. The improvement of the university management has a major role in the process of attending to the needs of the current society and creating the premise of a relevant education which is also open-minded to the specific needs of our economy. The aim of the paper is to analyze the ways of improving the quality and efficiency of educational systems in Romania. It will also be intended to increase the visibility of university-oriented service activities for society and the socio-economic environment. The current paper covers an analysis of the results coming from a poll related to the evaluation of the educational quality. This attribute was reviewed in relation to the students, the teaching staff and the current economic status of the workforce market in Romania. The results of the poll were carefully analyzed and interpreted, conclusions and solutions defined. The people surveyed are students, master students, doctoral students and teachers from the technical faculties of the university.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Galatz
The key to succeed in a professional career is continuous education. One of the serious problems faced by the educational system in contemporary society is the early leaving of school. A person who drops out of studies will not have the professional qualification required to integrate into the national or international economic market, eventually becoming the future unemployed worker. While in the EU the general tendency is decreasing, in Romania, school abandonment is increasing both at pre-university and university level. In this paper, the authors propose to analyze the possible causes and to correlate them with the evolution of the school abandonment registered in a composite university. The data are obtained from the national database and statistically processed. The analysis is performed on two of the three study programs namely: Degree and Master Studies. According to the results we obtained, the rate of the school abandonment which is registered in such an university shows different trends depending on the faculty profile and the economic environment.
Keywords: university management, school abandonment, professional career

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Yusuf Çilliyüz Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University
Today, many of the elements used for transforming, controlling, and consuming electrical power are also factors that cause harmonic distortion and power losses in the network. Although the harmonics are tried to be prevented with the aid of the developed filter circuits, the number of harmonic generating systems connected to the network increase day by day. Therefore, the harmonic power flow and the loadability limits of the elements in the system must be well determined. Short and long-term negative effects of harmonics on the elements in the power systems can be noticed. Examples of short-term effects; can include sudden failure, incorrect measurement/action, and so on. The long-term effect is that the harmonic-based temperature rising in the equipment increases the regular temperature caused by the nature of the system and it increases the aging of the dielectric used in the environment, resulting in a deterioration of the insulation level and coordination. In both cases, the harmonics affect operating life of the main and auxiliary elements which are used in the power system. In this study, it is investigated how and at what level harmonic-based aging effects on power transformers, distribution transformers and cables, which are the main elements in power systems. IEC and IEEE standards are taken as reference for the thermal model and loadability analysis. Cost analyzes were performed by taking into consideration the additional life losses caused by harmonics, total life losses and remaining service life.

Burcu Yanık Bilecik Seyh Edebali University
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important economic food legume widely grown in many countries in the world. However, there is evidence that its domestication has induced an intense reduction in diversity at the molecular level. Secretory class III plant peroxidases (POXs) (EC 1.11.1.7) are found in multiple molecular forms in individual plant species. Each POX catalyzes the oxido-reduction between H 2 O 2 and several different reductants, suggesting its contribution to diverse physiological processes such as lignification, suberization, crosslinking of cell wall proteins, auxin deterioration, defence against pathogen infection. Multiple forms and low substrate specificity of POXs also make it difficult to define the specific biological functions of individual POXs. Comparison of POX genes could resolve evolutionary relationships in common bean. In this study, 19 common beans (Akman-98, Bulduk, Cihan, Gina, Karacaşehir-90, Zülbiye, Noyanbey-98, Sururbey, 4F-2409, Şehirali-90, Akın, Batallı, Muzaffer, Karaman, Göynük-98, İstanbul, Aslan/Konya Dermasonu, Akman-98) genotypes were studied using a POX gene-based marker method. The POX-PCR analysis was performed to determine the genetic diversity of 19 local bean varieties, using 8 POX primers from screened 13 primers. PCR amplified fragments were separated on 1.3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide (0.5 ql/ml). Agarose gels were visualized under UV light and digitally photographed. The degree of band-sharing was used for evaluating the genetic similarity between species and for constructing a dendrogram by UPGMA (the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) method. The dendrogram showing genetic diversity among bean species was drawn using MEGA 7 software.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Al-Qasemi College
Gifted students with learning disabilities, commonly called twice-exceptional, go through an enormous battle to reach their academic potential throughout their academic endeavor. This pilot study concerns with this particular group of students who are mostly identified either as gifted or as children with a disability. This, of course hinder their rights to be identified for both conditions, the gift and disability, and thus suffer from lack of educational services, including timely assessment and appropriate interventions. The research suggest that twice-exceptional students face social and emotional difficulties, such as feelings of anxiety towards academic tasks when compared with their peers. This emotional distressful feeling may lead to fear of school failure and social isolation. For this study, a group of eight high-school Palestinian students from East Jerusalem with twice-exceptional, were identified by their teachers as having a gift in one area or with some sort of learning disabilities who are performing at or below grade level. The participants were individually interviewed, and data were derived from school archive on students' current and previous performances. The preliminary results indicate that teachers are not fully aware of the twice exceptional conditions. Further, school personnel do not possess the necessary resources to assess, and thus make educational decisions for this unique group of students. On the other hand, those students are being left alone to face their fate and the daily social and emotional challenges. Findings from the study and implications for future research will be discussed.
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Hasan Abdelkareem
Birzeit University This study aimed to understand the influence of applying the virtual lab strategy on students' motivation and achievement. It aimed to explore the teacher professional development. The study sought to answer the following main question: What is the effect of the virtual lab in biology teaching on the motivation and achievement of the scientific 11th-grade students? And the professional development of the teacher?
The researcher used a combination of the experimental quantitative and qualitative analytical design. The sample consisted of the biology teacher, 24 schoolgirls group as the experimental group, and 19 schoolboys as the control group. Several tools have been used; a pre-and post-tests to assess achievement progression, interviews with the biology teacher to identify the professional development, a post-interview of the focus group students. A classroom observation was used as a method to evaluate the virtual lab strategy implementation in biology classes, in order to see the extent of the motivation of the students and professional development of the teacher. The results indicated that the implementation of the virtual laboratory strategy in science education led to the professional development of the teacher's abilities. There was a major shift in teacher's role in class. He changed from being the information provider and became a facilitator. The introduction of this strategy into education contributed to the development of the teacher's TPACK. Statistical significant differences were achieved in the mean score of students in the post-test between the control and experimental groups, and an increase motivation for the experimental group. In this study, a new compact wideband lowpass filter was introduced. The proposed filter is developed by cascading two shapes of "4"open stubs back to back embedded on a microstrip line. This structure results in wide cutoff frequency and rejection band with improved scattering parameters. The filter utilized operating bands up to 4 GHz. Many useful wireless communication bands were allocated within this band, global system for mobile communications (GSM) bands (1.8, 1.9 and 2.1 GHz) and 2.4 GHz which is used for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band and wireless local area networks (WLANs) applications. The designed filter also covers the band 3.5 GHz widely used for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The frequency response of the filter shows good stopband characteristic and provides -3 dB cutoff frequency at 3.85 GHz. The return loss of the designed filter is -50.8 dB at 3GHz and the insertion loss is less than -0.18 dB along the passband. The proposed filter has been designed, analyzed, and optimized on a substrate with 10.8 dielectric constant and thickness of 1.27 mm using full wave Electromagnetic Simulator. The proposed filter is a compact size and the final optimized dimension of the simulated filter with the above features is only 20 mm-15mm.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Serpil Ozdemir Bartin University
The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between pre-service Turkish teachers' attitudes towards reading and critical reading self-efficacy perceptions. The research was done using relational screening method. The universe of the research is composed of 190 students studying in Bartin University Faculty of Education Turkish Language Teaching program. No sample was taken and volunteers participated in the research. Total 161 valid scales were obtained. The data were collected with the Attitude Scale towards Reading Habit and the Self-efficacy Perception Scale Related to Critical Reading Skill. As a result of the research, it was seen that pre-service Turkish teachers' attitudes towards reading and the critical reading self-efficacy perceptions were high. Their attitudes towards reading and critical reading selfefficacy perceptions were not significantly different according to gender, grade, and mother education level. It was seen that the reading attitude did not differ according to the level of father education, but the critical reading self-efficacy perceptions showed significant differences according to the education level of the fathers. It was determined that the differences between elementary, secondary, high school and university were in favor of university graduates. A moderate relationship was determined between the attitude towards reading and the number of books read out of course in a year but no significant relationship between the critical reading selfefficacy perception and the number of books read was seen. In addition, a positive and moderately significant relationship between attitude towards reading and critical reading self-efficacy perception was determined.
Keywords: critical reading, attitudes towards reading, self-efficacy, pre-service Turkish teachers, teacher education

Serpil Ozdemir Bartin University
The purpose of this research is to examine exam questions prepared by Turkish teacher candidates according to Bloom Taxonomy. The research was conducted through qualitative research method using document review method. In the working group, there are 36 teacher candidates studying in the Department of Turkish Education at Bartın University Education Faculty. The research data were collected in the spring semester of the 2016-2017 academic year. Teacher candidates were asked to prepare questions at any grade level that would include achievements for the first semester's first writing. 16 of the exam papers are for the 5th grade, 10 for the 6th grade, 7 for the 7th grade and 3 for the 8th grade. There are 359 questions in the prepared exam papers. These questions were examined by descriptive analysis method. In the analysis, the questions were described according to the themes of remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating, and creating based on the cognitive domain steps of the renewed Bloom taxonomy. As a result of the analyzes, it was seen that 30,8% of 359 questions asked by the prospective teachers were remembering, 23,95% were in understanding, 8,7% were in applying, 25,57% were in analyzing, 3,34% were in evaluating and 6,96% were in creating levels. These results show that teacher candidates are inadequate in preparing questions to improve students' high-level thinking skills.

Sharif Abu Karsh Arab American University
Behavioral finance is a new approach to financial markets that has emerged in response to the difficulties faced by the traditional investors. In broad terms, it argues that some financial phenomena can be better understood using models in which some agents are not fully rational. More specifically, it analyzes what happens when we relax one, or both, of the two concepts that underlie individual rationality. In some behavioral finance models, agents fail to update their beliefs correctly. In other models, agents make choices that are normatively questionable. It gives a glimpse to behavioral finance, describes the background, aim and objectives of the paper. It begins with a description of standard as well as behavioral finance, which often contradicts the modern financial theories. In other models, agents make choices that are normatively questionable. It gives a glimpse to behavioral finance, describes the background, aim and objectives of the paper. It begins with a description of standard as well as behavioral finance, which often contradicts the modern financial theories.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Mustafa Bugra Balaban Engineer
Dyslexia is a developmental disorder and can be treated in early ages when treated properly. Young people who has dyslexia are able to get a limited treatment in special treatment centers. In this study, it is observed that there are not enough Turkish materials. It has been aimed to help patient's treatment and development by making possible to patients practice with their parents in home environment with web-based system with seven different practicing modules. Scope and the contents of those modules are defined by the professionals in the area of dyslexia and this system will be the first in Turkey in this sense. With this system, it is intended to give people with dyslexia necessary treatment in homeschool environment without needing private educational schools. It is also recognized that with an always updateable interdisciplinary approach providing easy access to dyslexia patients necessary materials will help to increase patients' life quality in this era which is that easy to access internet and information.

Huseyin Erdogan Engineer
Nowadays, the production process focuses on stocking which results in rise of the cost. There are requirements for investment in Land Procurement, storage conditions, intelligent stocking systems which is reflected as passive expense to the production facility. Another important factor is inconsistent and blur sales speed. According to historical days or economic conditions of the country of sales may result in increase or decrease of sales. In facilities with constant production, the sales speed may not match with the production speed which may result in accumulation of orders or accumulation of extra stock. In this study, we aim at blurring the production process to overcome the aforementioned problems and expenses which will be best innovation of Industry 4.0. In the proposed system, the method of internet objects has been used for communication between different production facility and the improvements have been analyzed and evaluated. Software tools are used to design simulation environment.
Keywords: process management, industry 4.0, internet of things

Naciye Mulayim
Phd Student It is certain that accurately and timely diagnosis of the diseases reduces the risk of morbidity and mortality of the disease. At that point, an expert system based on artificial intelligent techniques helps physicians or other healthcare professionals for diagnosis of it. In this study an expert system based on Firefly Algorithm is developed to diagnose both breast cancer and liver disorder. An experiential labour of the proposed system was managed using

Ayse Iregol Izmir Katip Celebi University
Nowadays, architectural and interior architectural phenomenon has passed from intuitive realms to scientific and artistic realms. Instead of skills and randomness, they have become phenomenon that can be further analyzed and formulated. Along with that, the relationship between architecture and color has begun to become more firm and stable. An architectural product that can be considered successful in function, form and design, can be defined as unqualified if it does not have a good appearance in color. The coloring of architectural forms should be arranged by choosing colors without being left to chance that participate to symbolic, formal and that responds to the spiritual needs of person in this direction. In this article, factors that play an active role in the perception of a place such as personal enjoyment, age range, cultural influences, functions of the place have been taken into account in order for the ambience (pleasant, peaceful, intellectual, excited, enjoyable, healthy, vivid, romantic, emotional) to be created and how to successfully utilize fuzzy logic system has been discussed and a sample system design has been proposed. The authors have used the MATLAB package program for the design of this work and the most important steps of the fuzzy logic method in the system are modeled with this program.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey Abstract Book

Olena Sulima Dnipro City Hospital
Volodymyr Sulyma Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy Regional or granulomatous ileitis is a chronic bowel disease (Crohn's disease) that covers all the layers of the intestinal wall (transmural lesions), and sometimes spreads to the mesentery, regional lymph nodes affecting both the small and large intestines, but most often localized in the terminal section of a thin guts (regional, terminal ileitis). These diseases can be accompanied by damage to the peripheral joints, spine, or joints and spine. The clinical manifestations of the joint syndrome in both processes are the same. The pathogenesis of the intestinal process and joint damage has not been fully established, but it is believed that many mechanisms participate in it, and in particular, toxic, immune, autoimmune. In the blood of patients, antibodies to the cells of the intestinal mucosa, lymphocytotoxin antibodies, circulating immune complexes, in which, possibly, antigenic components of intestinal microbes, etc., are also present. In Crohn's disease, articular manifestations usually occur in childhood and adolescence. The development of peripheral arthritis in these diseases is usually not associated with the carriage of the histocompatibility antigen B27. Ankylosing spondylitis is more common in men than in women (3: 1). This disease usually develops in people who have HLA B27. Articular changes with regional ileitis occur more often in patients with other extraintestinal manifestations of the processes -with ulcers of the oral mucosa, exacerbate erythema nodosum, gangrenous pyoderma.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey Abstract Book

Volodymyr Sulyma Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy
Arthritis, or joint inflammation, is the most common complication of ulcerative colitis. Twenty-five percent of people with ulcerative colitis suffer from it, and it is often found in young patients. In addition to joint pain, arthritis also causes swelling and stiffness (stiffness in the joint). With ulcerative colitis, arthritis can manifest itself in two different forms: Peripheral arthritis usually affects large joints of the hands and feet, including elbows, wrists, knees and ankles. Pain can \"migrate\" from one joint to another and last from a few days to several weeks. The more intense the inflammatory process in the colon, the more pronounced arthritis. To date, there are no special tests to confirm ulcerative colitis-associated arthritis. This diagnosis can be made only by eliminating other causes of pain in the joints. Fortunately, such peripheral arthritis usually does not cause a significant change in the function of the joint. Spondyloarthritis (arthritis of the intervertebral joints) causes pain and stiffness in the lower part of the spine and sacroiliac joints. In young people, these symptoms may appear much earlier than intestinal manifestations. Unlike peripheral arthritis, spondyloarthritis can lead to a significant deterioration in the function of the spine, as the amount of movement in the intervertebral joints decreases. Spondylitis usually appears at the age of about 35-45 years. In most cases, the symptoms of peripheral arthritis decrease with the disappearance of inflammation in the large intestine. After a course of drugs such as prednisolone or sulfasalazine, joint pain usually disappears.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Galati
The paper presents the statistical analysis of the quality of international students' learning environment based on a questionnaire that includes several issues related to the quality of educational process. Thus, besides the general information on the respondents, the following issues are analyzed: the quality of teaching, the quality of facilities and students' services, and the system of quality management. All these issues are according to Romanian regulations and the national methodology for quality assurance in higher education. The results are important for improving the teaching environment, because according to them, the university management will plan its future actions, in order to increase the number of international students. This analysis is also important due to the fact that the teaching language for these students is not their native one and the courses and seminars are held abroad, not at the university administrative center. Based on this study, a connection can be made between the quality of educational services offered abroad and the students' satisfaction. This will be the starting point in developing new strategies, if necessary.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Galati
The paper will be concerned with establishing the most efficient way of teaching the principles of minimum size cam for mechanical engineering students. Three methods are presented and the test will reveal the most efficient one, in terms of understanding the general principles and the details related to the subject. Three groups of students are involved in this study. For each group, a different method was presented and the grades at the final test demonstrate which method was more effective for teaching the principles and for receiving the information by the tested subjects. The graphical method consists of drawing the cam profile by points taking into account the maximum admissible pressure angle. The second method for the minimum size cam is the analytical one, which consists of determining the eccentricity and radius of the cam basic circle using mathematical equations. The third method consists of an estimated method for translational followers based on simplifying assumptions.

University of Galati
The point of this paper is to prove that the existence and the proper operation of a center for professional counseling and career guidance are important for the students of technical faculties. The analysis of the focus group responses demonstrates how necessary and useful is the existence of an information center for business and students, how effective is the students' training for social and professional insertion, as well as for their personal development according to their interests and aspirations. The paper also reveals the implication of the professional counseling and career guidance in developing their own educational path, related to their skills, in engaging them in extracurricular activities. It is also relevant to analyze the convenience of training stages for the development of transversal skills, for preparing the necessary steps for employment, the opportunity of specialized conferences or volunteer activities, of study visits to companies but also the organization of cultural and charity events.

Akbota Meirmanova Kokshetau State University
The ability to use basic formulas to improve students' knowledge of the physical Olympiad, knowledge of units of measure and their ability to influence logical and abstract thinking. Algorithms and necessary instructions are used to calculate the tasks. The period of application of knowledge in practice has a leading place in the learning process because comprehensive activities of pupils in the execution of tasks are carried out through a great mental work. The Olympiad tasks allow to use creativity and thus expand the scope of their application. It is necessary to take into account that students cannot do without realistic mental activities on the basis of the analysis of the theoretical and practical skills required for the release of the Olympiad tasks. The solution of experimental tasks selects the theoretical proof of its execution, the method of its solution, evaluates the process of measurements, estimates of errors and analysis of received results.
Keywords: physics, black box, logical thinking, experimental research work, olympiad tasks.

Ahmet Aktaş Istanbul Gelisim University
The main problem in adding Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to electric power systems is that the energy generated from these sources is often unstable and volatile, depending on the climatic conditions. When the sun shines very well from the solar energy, a high amount of electricity can be produced on a cloudless day. In wind energy, when the wind speed is above a certain value, electricity is obtained with high efficiency and most importantly the energy production values change continuously according to the climatic conditions (solar brightness, wind speed etc.). This disadvantage of the RES can be eliminated by adding an energy storage unit to the established power generation system. Energy storage unit is required to be controlled by a smart energy management algorithm in the case of storage of energy overload of the energy storage unit, energy storage unit in case of load demand, and possible working conditions such as providing end user benefit by taking the RES. In this way, the energy demand of the customer will be met in a stable, high quality and continuous manner without a power loss in the system to be formed. In addition, the smart energy management algorithm raises the power quality factor in the electric grid, thus preventing frequency fluctuations, voltage fluctuations and other problems. Smart energy management control for distributed network infrastructures, together with being an indispensable unit, constitutes the most important part of the smart network concept. In this study, the importance of smart energy management algorithm in RES, which includes energy storage system, includes the contributions to the smart grid infrastructure and the benefits provided to the end user.
Keywords: energy storage, renewable energy resources, smart energy management algorithm, smart grids

Rezan Yilmaz Ondokuz Mayıs University
This study investigates spatial ability of pre-service primary school teachers in terms of gender, class level, GPA, and situation of taking pre-school education. Participants who study in primary school education are 212 pre-service teachers who study at Ondokuz Mayıs University. For the purpose of measuring spatial ability, Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT) that were developed by Guay (1976) and revised by Yoon (2011) is used. Correlational techniques from quantitative research model are used to analyze data. According to the researches in spatial ability, it is expected that there would be a significant relationship between GPA and spatial ability in this study. Also, pre-service teachers who take pre-school education might get higher scores on spatial ability. Moreover, it will be expected that gender would be an effective factor determining spatial ability since there are many studies that advocated the effect of gender, yet it cannot be estimated whether females or males' spatial ability would be higher.
Keywords: spatial ability, pre-service primary school teachers, gender, class level, purdue spatial visualization test (psvt)

Rezan Yilmaz Ondokuz Mayıs University
This study investigates revealed misconceptions of pre-service teachers during the process of learning and using Sketchpad and their views concerning the software. In this qualitative study, the participants were 22 pre-service teachers in the 4 th year of the Undergraduate Program in Secondary School Mathematics Education at the Ondokuz Mayıs University. All participants have taken the course of Computer Assisted Mathematics Education and all process during the course was observed by the researchers. Participants tried to construct some geometrical shapes like triangle, quadrilateral, and circle and to discover some relations by using these basic shapes. Also, researchers questioned their constructions of geometric shapes to reveal misconceptions. After this process, 5 pre-service teachers who are in different levels at using Sketchpad and in terms of geometry knowledge were chosen for clinical interviews. The results from observations in the class shows that pre-service teachers have several misconceptions about the basic shapes and their relations and using sketchpad revealed these misconceptions. Moreover, the results from their interviews shows that they generally think using sketchpad could improve constructing geometric concepts and their relations. They also believe that such software could increase students' motivation.

Serkan Dönmez Trakya University
In this study, in the Marmara region of Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ and Çanakkale province living in people's life satisfaction index (YMI) it is intended to make comparisons based on calculation and the provinces of life satisfaction index. Life satisfaction index (YMI) to calculate the Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) has been supplying data forming the socioeconomic survey of life satisfaction index. Based on the results of this survey made on the province basis, the scientists like psychology, sociology, social sciences, medicine, economics and geography, which are different moans, are studied and utilized. Turkey Statistical Institute obtained from this survey of seven different multi-criteria decision-making methods of Entropy and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method is used. And the results of the calculations made are evaluated and the life satisfaction index of four provinces is found numerically in addition, the visualization of geographic information is provided map with the help of system program. Multi-criteria decision-making methods of Entropy and SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method is used. Life satisfaction index, according to the methods of the results (YMI) 1.in Çanakkale (0.999812851), 2. in Edirne province (0.924039595), 3.in Kırklareli province (0.906298261) and last in Tekirdağ (0.892411718) were found.
Keywords: multiple criteria decision making, saw, entropy, geographical information systems (gis)

Büşra Bulut Inonu University
A metaphor is a powerful mental tool that can be used to describe and express an individual's abstract, complex, or theoretical case at a high level. Using this mental tool, the interviewer's opinion about any event, event or situation gives the researcher a different quality of the findings. Made in this research, analysis of the metaphorical concepts of civilization in Turkey, including a subjective evaluation is foreseen. In the study group of Malatya and Elazig,150 of the social studies teachers are working in the public school and 40 in the private school in the fall semester of 2017-2018 academic year. The data of the research, the social studies in the scope of the research, the teachers' "civilization ...... similar; because ...... " was achieved by completing the sentence. The content analysis technique was used in analyzing and interpreting the data. According to the results of the survey, it was found that the majority of teachers of social studies working in public schools (24.5%) and private schools (30%) regarded the concept of civilization as a "subjective image".

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Büşra Bulut Inonu University
In the educational life, the individual acquires many skills, but the dimensions of these achievements are different. These dimensions can be classified as cognitive, behavioral, and affective. The main dimension of work is affective skills. Many strategies, methods and techniques are used in the transfer of these skills as well as many forms of thinking. One of these forms of thought that is used is empathic thinking. Empathic thought can be defined as an individual trying to understand him by putting himself in someone's place without compromising his personality and character. This research work in Turkey, public schools for primary and secondary school teachers working in qualitative research methods are selected as the study group was implemented. The results of the teachers' opinions about the empathic idea were analyzed with the Nvivo 11 program and the literature was supported. As a result of the study, when the findings obtained from teacher opinions were evaluated, it was found that teachers had different perceptions about the level of efficacy of empathic thinking in gaining students' emotional skills. This difference is explained by the different themes and the reasons why they have been studied.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Andreja Marzi Primary School and Kindergarten Ankaran
The aim of the article is to show how to encourage students to deepen their knowledge, creativity and their enthusiasm for research. In this way we can also promote the popularization of science and technology as well as the identification of students talented in specific research areas. This article presents an example of writing a research assignment undertaken by students in the final year of primary school (class 9, i.e. age 14-15). We live in the age of diminishing supplies of fossil fuels and consequently a growing interest in the renewable energy sources, including biofuels. Through research assignment, we wanted our students to learn more about the characteristics of biofuels which we haven't discussed in detail in class. Biofuel is a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, obtained from a relatively recently deceased biological substance. In addition to looking for information in literature and electronic resources, we conducted experiments in which we measured how many degrees a particular quantity of water heats up by the burning of various fuels, and the amount of residue left after burning. The biofuels we used were: pellets, briquettes, olive pomace, cherry stones, biodiesel, ethanol and sawdust. We established that different types of fuel emit, when burnt, different amounts of heat. Water heated up the most when burning ethanol, while it heated up the least when using biodiesel. Experiments showed that different fuels burn for different amounts of time, leaving a residue which depends on the type of fuel.

Şeyma Çalıklar Ataturk University
The aim of this research is to determine effecting argumentation on preservice science teachers' opinions and suggestions related to main skills and value education. It was used action research method. The sample of study is comprised of 75 preservice science teachers from the 3rd grade. An argumentation scale (AS) consisting of 4 open-ended questions was used to collect data. In order to provide validity, it was taken expert views and necessary corrections were made at the scale. It was wanted to explain how argumentation affects science learning in the first question of AS. In the second question, it was wanted to explain how argumentation uses to gain science process skills. It was wanted to explain how argumentation uses to gain life skills in the third question. And in the fourth question, it was wanted to explain how argumentation contributes value education. Science curriculum was examined within the scope of Special Teaching Methods I lesson and theoretical and practical training on the argumentation model was given. Then, preservice science teachers' opinions related to argumentation were taken. For analyzing data, descriptive statistics were done, preservice science teachers' opinions were categorized and were determined frequencies/ percent values. Preservice science teachers expressed that argumentation can contribute to develops critical thinking, communication skills and reasoning. They suggested some activities for implementing argumentation to gain science process skills and life skills. In addition, they thought that argumentation can be effective to gain values like tolerance, diligence, patience, solidarity and responsibility because of collaborative studying.
Keywords: argumentation, science process skills, life skills, values education, preservice science teachers

Oğuz Özçelik Firat University
The anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal exercise (Wmax) are the most frequently applied variables in assessment of exercise intolerance. The relationships between aerobic fitness levels and CO 2 output to heart rate ratio called as CO 2 pulse at AT and at Wmax were evaluated in health subjects. Twenty males (age:20.7±0.4 yr) performed an incremental exercise (15 W/min) to Wmax on a cycle ergometer. The ethical approvement has been obtained before study. Pulmonary gas exchange parameter was measured breath-by-breath using a metabolic gas analyzer. V-slope method used to estimate AT. Aerobic fitness level was determined from Wmax for each kg of body weight (Wmax/BW). A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate fitness and CO 2 pulse. Wmax/BW was 3.033±0.1 W/min/kg. Heart rate at Wmax was 185±1.9 beat/min. CO 2 pulse was found to be 14.21±0.5 at AT and 19.30±0.5 at Wmax. There is a significant correlation between aerobic fitness levels and CO 2 pulse at Wmax and (R = 0.72416; p<0.0001) and at the AT (R = 0.48608; p=0.02). Consequently, CO 2 pulse reflects the CO 2 output with regarding each heart beat at the AT and Wmax can be used as an important parameter for evaluation of aerobic fitness levels of the subjects.
Keywords: incremental exercise test, aerobic fitness, anaerobic threshold, pulmonary gas exchange, v-slope

Şeyma Çalıklar Atatürk University
This study aims to determine the views of primary school prospective teachers on the application of STEM included in the science teaching curriculum published in 2017. Phenomenology which is one of the qualitative research designs will be used in the study. 52 primary school prospective teachers studying at 4 th grade at a university in the south of Turkey were participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of 7 open-ended questions was used as data collection tool. Expert opinions were received for the validity of the questions, and necessary corrections were made. After primary school prospective teachers experience the processing of the new science teaching curriculum at the primary schools at which participants have visited within the scope of the course 'Teaching Practice I', their perceptions towards the concept of STEM and their views on the adequacy and applicability of the application along with the change in the program were received. Conducting content analysis in data analysis, the views of primary school prospective teachers were classified and frequency / percentage values were looked at. Based on the findings, it was found out that the addition of STEM applications to the program is positive when used correctly and effectively by teachers, but the practice of engineering and mathematics are not adequately covered in the program considering the fact that primary school teachers are inadequate in engineering and mathematics. Besides, STEM applications are not used very effectively in our country, which is why the current teachers are considered as inadequate in these issues.
Keywords: stem, the new science teaching curriculum, the primary school prospective teachers

Sulaiman Jasim Northern Technical University
The effect of channel bed slope on characteristics of flow for single step Broad-Crested Weir was studied experimentally under free over flow conditions. Five weir models were manufactured and tested and one hundred twenty experiments were conducted in a laboratory horizontal channel of 12m length, 0.5m width and 0.45m depth for a wide range of discharge. The experimental results showed that water surface profiles were smooth and continues having a descending trend from the point of measurement taking the shape of the weir with a steep drop near the downstream face of the weir. It was found that for the same ratio (P/P1). The discharge coefficient (C d ) increases with the increase of effective head to crest height ratio (He/P) and with the increase of channel slope (S o ). Also, it was found that for small values of (Fr 2 ), the weir performance tends to the ideal .and with increase (Fr 2 ), the discharge coefficient (C d ) decrease for all weir models, because the discharge and the velocity heads increases. Empirical equation was obtained to estimate the value of discharge coefficient in terms of effective head to crest height ratio(He/P), upstream crest height to downstream height ratio(P/P1), Froude number (Fr 2 ) at downstream of the weir and bed slope of channel (S o ) with high correlation coefficients.
Keywords: broad-crested weir, experimental study, open channel, discharge coefficient

Al-Nahda Islamic School
This study dealt with the role of the folktale in the development of the national identity among the students with learning difficulties in Al-Nahda primary school (B) in order to develop and promote the concept of identity. The study aimed at identifying to what extent folktales can be used to work on the development of students' national identity. The team followed the participatory action research in order to develop the students' national identity. The researcher used the purposive sample consists of 10 students with learning difficulties. In order to answer the main question of the study, the teamwork met with the storyteller Abu Aisha in order to obtain Palestinian folktales. Based on the stories selected by the team, the researchers planned a pre-activity to measure the level of national identity of children and a number of pre-activities and post activities which are related to Palestinian folktales. After that, the team did a post-test with students by giving them a chance to write their own folktale. The study results: 1. Folktales have a role in developing and promoting the national identity through the using of the vocabulary and similes included in the folktales and instilling some national values such as charity, loyalty and generosity. Study Recommendations: 1. It's important to allocate classes for folktales. 2. Increasing the studies which are related to the folktales 3. Raising the awareness of the parents and drawing their attention to the importance of the Palestinian heritage.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ministry of Education
The study aimed at investigating the role of using the flipped classroom in increasing the vocabulary capacity and retaining them to use in English language skills the flipped classroom activates the role of the student and encourage the student to be the center of the learning process. In the flipped classroom, the teacher sends instructional videos that is interesting and motivating using technology. The researchers followed the participatory action research. The researchers used a purposive sample consists of fourth grade students. The study lasted for two months included three units. The researchers wrote reflection essays and side notes for the flipped classroom lessons. The researchers compared them with the previous reflections of the traditional lessons in order to answer the questions of the study. Moreover, the researchers used the interview with the parents and the students to assess the effectiveness of the flipped classroom. The study results: Using the flipped classroom is very effective and important in increasing the students' vocabulary capacity. The flipped classroom increases the motivation of the student toward learning as it is activating the role of the learner and encourages the student to be the center of the learning process. The flipped classroom strategy reduces the academic gap between students. The study recommendations: Increasing the studies that are related to the flipped classroom organizing workshops for the English teachers to raise their awareness about the flipped classroom. Raise the awareness of the parent about the importance of the flipped classroom.

Metin Dağdeviren Gazi University
Traditional economic order quantity and lot sizing problems have a big impact on the decisions of production and inventory management systems. In recent years, increasing environmental awareness and sustainability concepts have become significant for companies. When the literature is examined, it is concluded that companies try to determine sustainable lot sizes that take into account traditional costs as well as environmental costs. Nevertheless, the concept of sustainability has a triple bottom line system that includes economic, social and environmental components. For this reason, companies need to consider human factors and ergonomics as a measure of social sustainability in order picking and storage systems where manual material handlings and labor are intensively used. This research field, which has been highly neglected in the literature, has recently gained importance and new studies have begun to be made in this issue. From this point of view in this study, a literature review has been carried out to examine which ergonomic criteria are taken into account, which methods are used and how social factors are included in storage and order picking systems.
Keywords: ergonomics, lot sizing, social sustainability

Metin Dağdeviren
Gazi University In order that companies' assets can continue, they need to adapt to evolving/changing world and changing customer needs. By closely following customer needs, they need to make changes in their existing products in line with these needs and maybe develop new products. Although new product is designed to meet customer needs, it is very important for the success of the company to cling this new product to the target market. As a result of the literature survey, it is seen that the factors which are effective in new products' efficiency in the market are top management support, customer friendliness of product, faultless production, proper distribution channel selection, e-commerce efficiency, advanced technology-based production. Understood from factors, each factor is important to itself and carries a financial value. It is not possible for a company to approach all of these factors equidistant in terms of costs. For this reason, a prioritization study has been carried out in order to determine the most important factor affecting the product's success in the target market in this study. The Fuzzy AHP method is used in prioritizing these factors. This study is conducted for a company operating in Ankara.

Keywords: prioritization, ahp, marketing, market efficiency
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey Abstract Book

Abdullah Balcıogullari Cukurova University
Today, in the broad sense, the name given to the region between the Tigris and the Euphrates is Mesopotamia. It was founded the first cities and the first organized states on the banks of the Euphrates and the Tigris. One of the two rivers that make up Mesopotamia is the Euphrates and this river has found considerable space in the geography books of Arab scientists. The Euphrates word has taken place both in the old sources as a river name and as a good water source. The Euphrates River, considered to have been born from the heavens and has been regarded as a sweet and lush source of water like the rivers of heaven. The 8th and 14th centuries are regarded as the Golden Age of Islam in science. In this period, as in other branches of science, many works have been taken in the field of geography. Islamic geographers have portrayed the geographical features of the areas they visited in accordance with the understanding of that period. These works were also discussed with the Euphrates River maps and miniatures. In this study, the characteristics of cities taking place in and near the Euphrates River will be discussed with the expression of Islamic geographers. For this purpose, the geographical works written between the X and XIV centuries will be examined and thus the Euphrates River will be tried to be revealed about a thousand years ago.

Keywords: historical geography, the euphrates, islamic geographers
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey Abstract Book

Abdullah Balciogullari Cukurova University
Cyprus has been a geopolitical highlight throughout history where the third largest island of the Mediterranean after Sicily and Sardinia. Because of this location, it has been settled by people from ancient times. This island is an important accommodation center in the heart of the Eastern Mediterranean and at the crossroads of trade routes. The importance of Cyprus comes to the forefront when it is important for the trade routes of the Mediterranean. In the middle ages, Arab geographers who have made scientific visits many places of the world have also been interested in Cyprus Island. In this research will be investigated the historical geography of Cyprus Island in the light of the works of Arabic geographers of the middle ages. For this purpose, will be examined 10th and 13th centuries of Arabic geography and travel books and thus the historical geography of Cyprus Island will be revealed. In this study, the works written by Arab geographers and travelers will be examined and the information contained in these books will be tried to be earned. Thus, the features of the island of Cyprus will be investigated in terms of historical geography. Historical geography, which is geography of the past, uses today's methods and principles to research the geographical position of any region. For this are the main sources to be used, especially geographical books belonging to the past various, manuscripts, travel books, archives and travel books.

Keywords: cyprus, historical geography, cyprus geography
International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey Abstract Book

Mubeena Nowrung
University of London 63% of UK university students report experiencing stress or anxiety that interferes with their day-to-day life (YouGov, 2016). This is concerning because stress and anxiety have detrimental effects on students' academic, physical, emotional and psychological well-being. Higher levels of stress and anxiety have been associated with lower academic achievement, higher drop-out rates, physical illness, poor sleep quality, increased substance use, decreased self-esteem, and lower life satisfaction. My research seeks to address some of these issues by coaching and mentoring students into different skills and techniques to overcome stress and anxiety. Using an action research methodology, this study builds on my previous findings (presented at ICEMST-May 2017) from similar coaching and mentoring sessions; these have been refined and restructured to enhance their effectiveness and maximise student learning and benefits. The teaching is structured according to Bloom's (1956) taxonomy of educational objectives and addresses the cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning domains. Data collection is in progress and the findings will be available at the time of the conference. Based on my previous findings, I hypothesise that after an initial coaching and mentoring session, students' self-reported levels of stress and anxiety will decrease. I also hypothesise that those who attend subsequent advanced sessions will continue to benefit and there will be a further decrease in their stress and anxiety levels as compared to those who do not attend advanced sessions.

Mo Nowrung Inside Journey
This paper complements the one on Coaching and Mentoring Students to overcome stress and anxiety in which we will report the results from a series of coaching and mentoring sessions to teach students how to overcome stress and anxiety. In this second presentation we will elaborate on the intervention itself. We will give an overview of the nature (experiential and reflective) and background of the intervention, explain why and how it was developed and structured, elaborate on the theoretical basis behind it and some of the content covered in the sessions. We will draw on theories and findings from different fields including education, psychology, cognitive neuroscience and physiology. We will also present some of the benefits that students have reported from attending these sessions and explain the reasons behind their success. This includes key components that we have identified which can either enhance or hinder student learning and affect how much they gain and benefit from these sessions.

İzel Nur Odabaş Eskişehir Osmangazi University
Teachers must be instructive to the students for making accurate choices in cartoon selection. In this context, it is important for the teacher candidates to evaluate the cartoons in this respect, to determine the opinions of the individuals in different age groups about cartoons and to examine the individuals in different age groups in terms of the status of watching cartoon. Phenomenology among the qualitative research approaches is used in this research which tries to reveal the opinions of candidate teachers and different age groups about the cartoon. The study group consists of five different age groups and teacher candidates. The data of the research is collected with semi-structured interviews. In the analysis of the data, a descriptive analysis technique is used. As a result of the preliminary analyzes, it is seen that while everything is accepted as real with short, single word responses in small age groups, unreal events in cartoons are beginning to be questioned in older age groups. However, it is expressed that the unreal events in cartoons do not get as much as attention as other groups and they approach the events more logically in 18-20 age period. Teacher candidates emphasize that in the selection of cartoons, the cartoons must present appropriate subject, character and behaviors by considering that the cartoons shall form the life style of the child and the child's world in lower age groups.

Zekiye Çağımlar Cukurova University
Traditional children's games have been played for hundreds of years. These games are games that are played by more than one child from the past untill now. It also includes children's concepts of respecting the line , knowing responsibility within the group, sharing, exercising for hand, arm, body, language development. Initially, the game and the ending game are planned in-house, which also provides the child's socialization while improving the ability of the children to take part in the group. The fact that the games are aimed at more self-centered individuals than self-centered individuals helps the children grow more sharing and we-centered than selfcentered. In terms of personality development, traditional children's games are extremely important. In the same way, the movements that must be done, such as the language skills, running, hiding, throwing, etc., also contribute to the development of body art. The silence and obesity of children living in today's home and playing virtual environment games make them away from the environments that allow children to socialize and move. Traditional games therefore contribute to the development of the child's language, body development and personality development in terms of played with more than one child. The study will be evaluated in terms of precaution for the child by examining the traditional children's games such as burning / burning ball, one-and-a-half stone, three stone, five stone, Ali father clock and frost-fire in terms of their playing style. In addition, children's thoughts who play traditional games will also take place in this study.
Keywords: traditional, children's games, today, folk culture

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of Science teacher candidates regarding poster-making. The study whose design was qualitative employed a descriptive case study. The study universe was created by means of selection out of 6 teacher candidates that study in science teaching department during 2017-2018 academic year and write the reports of Fundamental Physics I class via postermaking, one of the writing to learn activities. The participants selected through purposeful sampling method which is not included in random sampling. The selection of teacher candidates which created the study group was based on their consent. Data was collected with semi-structured interview method. Data obtained from focus group discussion was recorded and after content analysis, it was deciphered and yielded certain codes, categories and themes. The results obtained in the light of findings indicated that all teacher candidates enjoyed poster-making activities and they stated that especially cooperative poster-making was highly efficient. These teacher candidates that used various writing to learn activities emphasized that poster and newspaper preparations were more educational and resident. They also mentioned that poster-making had a significant contribution to learning of Fundamental Physics I Laboratory class, they learned experiments in detail, however the only drawback was this kind of activities demanded a great amount of time. They pointed out that they will use these kinds of writing to learn activities when they become teachers.
Keywords: poster, writing to learn, semi-structured interview

Ministry Of Education
In 2012, statistical convergence of sequences of sets were defined. Then many mathematical concepts such as I-statistical convergence and asymptotically equivalence redefined for this type of sequences. On the other hand, many concepts that are considered essential in this area has been reworked using the alpha number. In some papers, different direction was given to the statistical convergence, where the notion of statistical convergence of order α (0<α<1) was introduced by using the notion of natural density of order α. The behavior of this new convergence was not exactly parallel to that of statistical convergence. Some other applications of this concept are λ-statistical convergence of order α, lacunary statistical convergence of order α, weighted statistical convergence of order α and almost statistical convergence of order α . I-statistical convergence and I-asymptotically equivalence of order α which we use more introduced in 2014. In all these studies, the authors gave a different direction to the study of statistical convergence where n is replaced by n^α in the denominator in the definition of natural density. In this paper, we use both concepts to describe the asymptotic I-statistical equivalence of set sequences with an alpha number, while at the same time we expand these concepts to a more general definition by a p=(pk)sequence. Then we examine the relationship between these new concepts, taking into account the limitations of set sequences.

Jean-Yves Gantois Ichec
Teaching to first years at university level, we invariably had to deal with students having trouble with what we considered to be basic knowledge, like first degree equations. This issue was of paramount importance to us because most of the subsequent knowledge we had to teach relied, to some extent, on this basic knowledge. At some point we had to recognize the fact that recalling what a first degree equation was, was a completely inefficient strategy: students were bored to hear about the same concepts over and over again. Teaching in a business and management school led us to investigate the possibility of using economy as a mean to give these "older" mathematical concepts a second live. From a didactical point of view, our approach was to, sort of, reverse the connection between mathematics and economy. We went from "mathematics as tool for economy" to "economy as a semiotic model of mathematics". Our investigation is still at a preliminary stage. However, what we have found so far hints at the possibility of using this approach to have students gain a new and fresh interest in what they believed to be well-known mathematical concepts and moreover have them create, manipulate and reflect upon mathematics through the lenses of economy, so reshaping the very meaning of some mathematical concepts and letting them have the opportunity to experience a dual relationship between mathematics and economy, each one being in turn modeled by the other one.
Keywords: duality, semiotic model, fossilized knowledge, relationship with knowledge, transition between secondary school and university Abstract Book

Andreja Božič Primary School and Kindergarten Ankaran
Research in primary school has recently become a hot topic and is gaining a foremost position among the educational goals and objectives in primary education. Thus, a responsible contemporary teacher of a natural science subject enables the student to get to know research work, which means that he or she guides them -through quality mentoring -through the methodology of writing a research paper, which is basically the same at all levels of the educational system, differing only in the complexity of the set research problem. At the same time, a teacher mentor should find pleasure in doing research work with their students, andregard that as an opportunity to make their work more interesting and to enhance their own knowledge. At our primary school we decided to actively integrate students into research work. The article presents a research assignment in which students in the final year of primary school (age 14-15) researched the question of what happens to apple juice of different sorts of apples before and after alcoholic fermentation. We tried to find out whether the sort of apples and the amount of sugar in apple juice affect the process of alcoholic fermentation. During experimental work, we took notes and gathered data on the amount of sugar in juice and the temperature changes that occur during alcoholic fermentation, which we measured by using a Vernier interface.
Keywords: research assignment in primary school, alcoholic fermentation, experimental work

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

IMPACT OF RACQUET EVOLUTION: HOW NEW TECHNOLOGIES AFFECTED TENNIS PLAYERS STATISTICS?
Ozan Özdemir Halic University

Turgay Turan Halic University
Like in many sport branches, technological developments have had a significant impact of how tennis is played. The evolution of materials used for the production of equipments created further evolution for the game. In this study, my purpose is to observe the impact of four racquets of different production date (An average 10-year difference between each production date). Five voluntieers of average age of 24Â±3.54, average height of179Â±8,19 centimeters, average weight of 80.2 Â±2.17 kilograms and average sport year of 5,8Â±3,83 have participetad in this study. Also, Wilson RF Autobiograph serisi (100 inchÂ² head size, 340gr. Unstrung weight) production date 2017, Babolat Pure Drive Serisi (100 inchÂ² head size, 300gr. Unstrung weight production date 2006), Expo (247gr. Strung weight, 90 inchÂ², production date 1980) Donnay (253gr.strung weight, 90 inchÂ², production date, 1970) were used. The data are analyzed by SPSS Statistics Program. The outcomes of the research point out to a positive impact of new racquet technologies on the game, especially in second serve percentages for all game (%75) and double faults numbers per a service game (%65) (As well as the other parameters, such as first serve percentage, winner and unforced errors per game). According to TQI (Tennis Quality Index) the new racquets affected tennis game enormously (%57). This study also makes certain predictions about possible future changes of the game of tennis.

Erdal Zengin Firat University
In primary schools, a lot of equipment, materials, etc., are used in conducting the learning process. Also, students use personal belongings like schoolbags, books, notebooks, water bottles, pencil cases, etc., during teaching process. This research aims to determine the present situation that is for some physical characteristic of primary school students and their frequency of usage of belongings such as school bags and ecp. Survey Model is used in the research and it propounds a descriptive quality. The research was conducted in 2016, on 910 students who were from 5 different primary schools in Elazig. The SPSS package program was utilized for analyzing of data obtained in the research, and it was evaluated by using percentage, frequency and arithmetic average. As a result of the research; it was detected that, the average stature, the minimum was 106 cm and the maximum was 152 cm, was 128.46 cm. likewise, the average weight, the minimum was 16 kg and the maximum was 65.60 kg, was detected as 28.48 kg. Also, it was detected students were carrying schoolbags that had average of 3.56 kg while the minimum bag weight was 1 kg and the maximum was 8.90 kg. After rating students' weights to weights of the bags they were carrying; it was detected that bag weights were 8% of their self-weight and this might cause some students have crucial problems in their physiological developments.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Erdal Zengin Firat University
The purpose of this research is to determine the opinions of the 4 th grade prospective teachers regarding the religious education. This study is composed of 50 class teacher candidates. The research is designed in the framework of the scientific research method and it was applied in the fall semester of 2017-2018 academic year. Semi-structured interview form, developed by researchers was used as data collection tool. The obtained data were analyzed according to the content analysis steps. As a result of the research, it was concluded that teacher candidates were positive about religious education. Teacher candidates expressed that the child should obtain religious information to distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil, and to live an ethical life. Participants also argued that, besides there would not be any problem in giving religious education to children, due to the importance of this education, educators should be careful and they should pay attention to the education and information given. Another data obtained in the survey is that educators who give religious education should be conscious, the education should be given in the level that the children can understand, the lesson should be processed through concrete examples while the education is being given and the subjects should be processed through activities that the individual will actively participate in.
Keywords: religion education, class teacher, class teacher candidate

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Khettib Sarah Mohamed Ben Ahmed Oran 2 University
Teaching a foreign language is a long and complex process. The teacher needs to present not only a new language, but also a new culture, a new way of thinking and viewing the world. Culture is a lens through which people perceive reality. A system of rules, established by a group of people to ensure their own survival. Culture is the glue that binds people together. Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) is rather the ability to communicate effectively with people from another culture. It is a concept that brings together a set of features such as flexibility, non-judgmental attitudes, openness, empathy, tolerance for ambiguity, and accepting diversity. The teacher plays a key role in any cross-cultural situation to foster students' intercultural competencies, their skills of interpreting, skills of discovery and interacting as well as raising both their critical cultural and intercultural awareness. The teacher is the learners' guide towards interculturality who helps students develop their awareness of different values and behaviors of the others as well as skills to deal with them in a non-judgmental strategy. The Intercultural teacher is a 'mediator' rather than a transmitter of knowledge. So, the role of teacher should be focused on encouraging autonomous learning skills in their students. This can be fulfilled through raising intercultural awareness and awakening students' curiosity and motivation. The teacher's task is encouraging students to build an understanding of intercultural values.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Farouq Almeqdadi Emirates College for Advanced Education
Many students in different grade levels have troubles with solving absolute value equations and inequalities because either they did not understand the basic concepts or they have a hard time in the procedural aspects. One of the reasons that causes these troubles is the skills of the math teacher and his/ her strategies in solving absolute value equations and inequalities. This study investigated the strategies that pre-service teachers used and the errors they made while solving absolute value equations and inequalities. Fifty-one pre-service teachers enrolled in an introductory mathematics course participated in this study. Data were collected from a test that consisted of four absolute value equations and inequalities. Participants were asked to solve these absolute value equations and inequalities and show their work. Participants' errors while solving each absolute value equation and inequality were recorded. The results of the study indicated that many pre-service teachers made few errors when solving absolute value equations and inequalities.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Oran
The full potential augmented plane wave plus local orbital method (FP-LAPW) using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) is applied to investigate structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of PbX (X= Si, Sn and Ge). We expand the basis function up to R MT K max = 9 (R MT is the plane wave radius and K max is the maximum modulus for the reciprocal lattice vector), the maximum value for partial waves inside the atomic sphere is l=10. Full relativistic approximation is used for core electrons and scalar relativistic approximation is used for valence electrons. The muffin-tin sphere radii R MT used are 2.50 a.u. for each atom. Brillouin zone integration is performed using 29 k-points for zinc-blend structure. The numerical error was less than 0.1 mRy/cell. Dynamical calculations are performed using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the plane wave pseudopotential method as implemented in the PWSCF code. For each atom, we used a PAW pseudopotentials. The electron wave functions were expanded with a plane wave basis set with a kinetic energy of 90 Ryd. The kspace integration on the Brillouin zone (BZ) for the self-consistent calculations was calculated with 8x8x8 k-points mesh of Monkhorst-Pack.

Alma B. Tateeva
The Karaganda State University of The Name of Academician E.a. Buketov Murzabek I. Biıkenov The Karaganda State University of The Name of Academician E.a. Buketov

Berdybek Manapov Misis National University of Science and Technology
The types of coke density are studied. Specific density was determined by the pycnometryc method, the apparent densities of Shubarkol's coke samples were determined by immersion in glycerin medium. The porosity and strength of the Shubarkol's coke are determined by the coke particle size classes. There is a true, apparent and bulk of coke. True density is determined by the pycnometric method and it is the most accurate and accessible in production conditions. The true density d true of coke depends on the calcination temperature and the duration of isothermal endurance. It is proved that by changing the holding time at a constant temperature of calcination, it is possible to obtain coke of different true densities [1][2][3][4]. True density is an indicator of quality for needle coke. In calcined needle, coke should be 98,5-99,5% of material of density 2140kg/. The apparent density d app represents the ratio of the mass of a porous material to the unit of its volume (that is, the coke density in the reaction apparatus, the cube, the apparent density is always less than the true density). Methods are known for determining the apparent density of coke by immersing them in a medium that does not penetrate into the pores (glycerin or solid powder).

Kadir Bozukluhan Kafkas University
In this study, it was aimed to determine levels of haptoglobin, albumin and some biochemical parameters before and after treatment in calves with pneumonia. Ten clinically healthy calves as control and 15 calves with pneumonia total 25 calves were used. Blood samples were collected from Jugular vein (before treatment 0. day, after treatment 7 th ) and centrifuged. Serum samples were used to determine the concentration of haptoglobin, albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin concentration and activity of ALP and AST. Pre-treatment haptoglobin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin concentration activity of ALP and AST were significantly increased in pneumonia-infected animals compared to the control group, and albumin, total protein concentration was significantly decreased. In this study were found significant changes in haptoglobin and biochemical parameters of pneumoniainfected animals and these parameters could be used for determining pathogenesis of diseases and prognosis.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University
In this study, theoretically spectral values of 3-ethyl-4-(3-methoxy-4phenylacetoxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one were calculated and these values were compared with experimental values. The obtained conclusions were evaluated. For this purpose, firstly, 3-ethyl-4-(3-methoxy-4phenylacetoxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one has been optimized using B3LYP/6-31G(d) and HF/6-31G(d) basis set. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral values according to GIAO method was calculated using Gaussian G09W program package in gas phase and in DMSO solvent. Theoretically and experimentally values were plotted according to δexp=a. δ calc. + b, Eq. a and b constants regression coefficients with a standard error values were found using the Sigma plot program. Experimental data were obtained from the literature. Theoretically calculated IR values of this compound were calculated in gas phase by using of 6-31G(d) basis sets of B3LYP and HF methods and are multiplied with appropriate scale factors and the values obtained according to B3LYP and HF methods are formed using theoretical infrared spectrum. The identification of calculated IR values was used veda4f program. UV-vis values in ethanol were calculated. In addition, bond angles, bond lengths, dipole moments, the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy, mulliken charges and total energy of the molecule were calculated with both methods. The calculated and experimental results were exhibited a very good agreement.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

3-(p-Methoxybenzyl)-4-[(3-methoxy-4-isobutyroyloxy)
benzylidenamino]-4,5dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one was optimized by using the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and HF/6-31G (d,p) basis sets. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR isotropic shift values were calculated by the method of GIAO using the program package Gaussian G09W. Experimental (Sevda & Yüksek, 2017) and theoretical values were inserted into the grafic according to equatation of δ exp = a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. IR absorption frequencies of title molecule were calculated by two methods. The veda4f program was used in defining IR data, which were theoretically calculated. The experimental and the obtained theoretical values were compared and found by regression analysis that are accurate. Furthermore, the ground state geometrical energy, the dipole moment (μ), mean polarizability (α), the total first static hyperpolarizability (β), energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) in the ground state were calculated by using HF/DFT with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. E LUMO -E HOMO energy gap (ΔE), electronegativity (χ), electron affinity (A), global hardness (η), softness (σ) and ionization potential (I) were calculated.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University
In this study, 1-(morpholin-4-yl-methyl)-3-p-methylbenzyl-4-(4-methylthiobenzy lideneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one was optimized by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and HF/6-31G(d,p) basis sets. The calculated IR data of compound were calculated in gas phase by using of 631G(d) basis sets of B3LYP and HF methods and are multiplied with appropriate adjustment factors. Theoretical infrared spectrums are formed from the data obtained according to B3LYP and HF methods. In the identification of calculated IR data was used the veda4f program. Also, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral data values were calculated according to the method of GIAO using the program package Gaussian G09W Software. Experimental (Kol et al., 2017) and theoretical values were inserted into the graphic according to equitation of δexp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Furthermore, molecule's theoretical bond angles, dihedral angles, UV-Vis values, dipole moments, mulliken charges, HOMO-LUMO energies, total energy of the molecule, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity and thermodynamic properties for both methods were calculated.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey
Keywords: 1.2.4-triazol-5-one, mannich base, synthesis, antioxidant activity Antioxidants are extensively studied for their capacity to protect organism and cell from damage that is induced by the oxidative stress. A great deal of research has been devoted to the study of different types of natural and synthetic antioxidant. A large number of heterocyclic compounds, containing the 1,2,4-triazole ring, are associated with diverse biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral activity. In the present study, due to a wide range of applications to find their possible antioxidant activity, eight new [2-methoxy-5-(1acetyl-3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)-azomethinphenyl] benzoates (2) were synthesized by the reactions of [2-methoxy-5-(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)-azomethinphenyl] benzoates (1) with acetic anhydride. 1 Type compounds were synthesized according to Bahçeci et al. (2016). The titled compounds characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and UV spectral data. In the second part of the study, the antioxidant properties of the compounds 2 were studied and evaluated using different three antioxidant assays; including reducing power, free radical scavenging and metal chelating activity. Some of the compounds showed moderate antioxidant activities.

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University
In this study, theoretical spectral values of 3-methyl-4-[3-(4-nitrobenzoxy)-3methoxy-benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one were calculated and compared with experimental values (Bahçeci et al., 2017). Title compound has been optimized using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and HF/6-31G(d,p) basis sets. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral values according to GIAO method was calculated using Gaussian G09W program package in gas phase and in DMSO solvent. Theoretical and experimental values were plotted according to dexp=a+b. d calc. The standard error values were found via the Sigma plot with regression coefficient of a and b constants. The vibrational frequency values of this compound have been calculated by using 6-31G(d,p) basis set with DFT and HF methods and these values are multiplied with appropriate adjustment factors. The veda4f program was used in defining IR data. In addition, bond angles, bond lengths, dipole moments, the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy, Mulliken atomic charges and total energy of the molecule were calculated with both methods. Finally, the calculation results were analyzed to simulate 1 H and 13 C nuclear resonance chemical shifts, infrared spectroscopic values and UV data of this compound.

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University
Triazole derivatives belonging to the group of five membered heterocyclic compounds have gained importance, recently. Their popularity has been increasing due to their chemical activities being suitable for the replacement of various substituents on their structure, together with their tautomeric properties. The Mannich reaction is a three-component condensation reaction consisting of an active hydrogen-containing compound, formaldehyde and a secondary amine. Mannich bases have been used in numerous practical applications such as analytical reagents, cosmetic products, paints, products used in water treatment, natural macromolecular materials (such as leather, paper) textile, synthetic polymers production, additives used by the petroleum industry. In this study, the Gaussian 09W program and the Density Functional Theory computational method were used to obtain data on electronic properties of the newly synthesized Mannich bases in the gas-phase. Figure 1: 1-(morpholin-4-yl-methyl)-3-alkyl (aryl) -4-((3-methoxy-4isobutyryloxybenzylideneamino) -4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-on compounds HOMO energy (E HOMO ), LUMO energy (E LUMO ), HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ΔE), which are the electronic structure identifiers of the optimized structures, hardness (ƞ), softness (σ), electronegativity (χ), chemical potential (Pi), electrophilicity index (ω), nucleophilicity (ε) index, dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α) for NLO properties, anisotropic polarizability (Δα) and primary hyperpolarizability (β 0 ) values were calculated and interpreted.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ahmet Harmankaya Kafkas University
This study was conducted to investigate the microbial quality of kashar and cecil cheeses and to identify risk factors and deficiencies. A twenty-five kashar and cecil chese samples colleted from local retail markets in Kars, Turkey and microbiological characteristics were investigated. The homogenized cheese samples were taken in appropriate quantities and prepared for microbial analysis. When Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. could not be detected in kashar cheeses, average values of viable aerobes, Coliforms, Staphylococ/Micrococ, Enterobacteria, Yeast and Mold were found to be 1,02x10 8 cfu/g, 0,66x10 1 cfu/g, 8,30x10 1 cfu/g, 3,5x10 1 cfu/g, 3,82x10 6 cfu/g respectively. In cecil cheeses, average values of viable aerobes, Coliforms, Staphylococ/Micrococ, Enterobacteria, Yeast and Mold, Escherichia coli were determined as 1,6x10 8 cfu/g, 1,9x10 1 cfu/g, 1,65x10 2 cfu/g, 1,9x10 2 cfu/g, 4,31x10 6 cfu/g, 0,14x10 1 cfu/g respectively. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp could not be determined in cecil cheeses. It was determined that the microbiological quality of Kars kashar and cecil cheeses has been changed very wide limits. In the direction of the obtained results, microbiological risk has been seen in some of the cheeses.

Gül Kotan Kafkas University
In this study, firstly, 3-(m-chlorobenzyl)-4-[3-(2-methylbenzoxy)-benzylidenamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one was optimized by using the B3LYP/631G (d,p) and HF/631G (d,p) basis sets (Frisch et al., 2009;Wolinski, Hilton & Pulay, 1990). Thus, the most stable geometrical comformer of compound was obtained. Then, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR isotropic shift values were calculated with method of GIAO (Wolinski et al., 1990). Experimental (Ulufer, 2014) and theoretical values were inserted into the grafic according to equatation of δ exp = a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Otherwise, the veda4f program was used in defining of IR data theoretically (Jamróz, 2004). Theoretically calculated IR data are multiplied with appropriate adjustment factors (Merrick et al., 2007) and the data obtained according to HF and DFT method are formed using theoretical infrared spectrum. Finally, bond lengths, mulliken charges, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), total energy of the molecule, dipole moments were calculated with Gaussian 09 program on the computer.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Oguz Ozcelik Firat University
During exercise, fat and carbohydrate oxidation are main energy source. We purposed to evaluate impacts of two different aerobic exercise intensity on amount of energy expenditure, fat and carbohydrate oxidations. Eleven males (age:20.8±1.9 yr, BMI:22±2 kg/m 2 ) performed an incremental exercise test to maximal exercise (Wmax). Then, each subject performed two 30 min of aerobic constant load exercise tests at their 45% (W 45 :98±15 W) and 60% (W 60 :130±21 W) of Wmax on different days. Ethical approvement has been obtained before study. Respiratory and pulmonary gas exchange parameters were measured breath-by-breath using metabolic gas analyser. Frayn Formula was used to determine fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Wmax was 217±27W. Fat and carbohydrate oxidations were found to be 0.228±0.003 gr/min and 1.589±0.01 gr/min in W 45 and increased to 0.346±0.005 gr/min (p<0.05) and 1.945±0.01 gr/min (p<0.05) in W 60 . Energy expenditure from fat oxidation was 8.58±0.1 Kjoule/min W 45 and increased to 13.01±0.2 Kjoule/min W 60 . Energy expenditure from carbohydrate was found to be 26.57±0.2 Kjoule/min W 45 and it increased to 32.52±0.2 Kjoule/min at W 60 . Fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio was 0.323±0.006 W 45 increased to 0.400±0.009 W 60 . Considering high capacity fat to carbohydrate oxidation ratio at W 60 compared to W 45 could be advantageous for maintenance of metabolic health.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey
Keywords: synthesis, 4.5-dihydro-1h-1.2.4-triazol-5-one, tbah, pka, halfneutralization method 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral data values were calculated according to the method of GIAO using the program package Gaussian G09W Software. Experimental data were obtained from the literature. Experimental and theoretical values were inserted into the graphic according to equitation of δexp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Also, calculated IR data of compound were calculated in gas phase by using of 6311G(d,p) basis sets of B3LYP and HF methods and are multiplied with appropriate adjustment factors. Theoretical infrared spectrums are formed from the data obtained according to B3LYP and HF methods. In the identification of calculated IR data was used the veda4f program. Furthermore, molecular structure, HOMO and LUMO energy analysis, electronic transitions,Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis, total static dipol moment (μ), the mean polarizability (<α>), the anisotropy of the polarizability (Δα), the mean firstorder hyperpolarizability (<β>), electronegativity (c), hardness (h), molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEP), and Mulliken charges of 3-methyl-4-(3nitrobenzylideneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one molecule have been investigated by using B3LYP and HF levels with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. In addition, acidic, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this compound was investigated.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Mohammed M. Ameen Abdullah Al-Imam University of Mosul
Glutamine Amino Acid (GAA) is the chemical compound with the formula C 5 H 10 N 2 O 3 .Chiral recognition of d-and L-amino acids is achieved and mixtures of enantiomers quantified in the gas phase, using the kinetics of competitive unimolecular fragmentations of trimeric Cu ions has been studied, the interaction constant (K) were calculated at different temperature. Vant-hoff equation applied to calculate the thermodynamic variables.the result indicate that the interaction of Glutamine Amino acid with Cu +2 ions is of the type (Ion-Ion).

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey (2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)-N-(para-R-phenyl nitrone], n=number of the crystallization water (0-6) and R=H, Cl, Br, COCH 3 , NHCOCH 3 , NH 2 and CH 3 were synthesized. The complexes were synthesized from direct reaction of the osmium(III) chloride with ligand (L) in a molar ratio of 1:1 respectively. These complexes were characterized by several physical methods such as melting points, molar conductance and elemental analysis(CHN), magnetic moments as well spectral such as infrared and electronic spectral measurements. These studies revealed that the Ligand (L) was behaved as a bidentate, univalent and coordinated to the osmium(III) ion through the oxygen atoms of both, the hydroxyl and the nitrone groups, as well, the presence of two chloride ions and two aqua molecules to give the most probable octahedral geometry around each osmium ion in each complex. The elemental analysis(CHN) as well the infrared spectra showed the presence crystallization water molecules outside the coordination sphere. Their molar conductance measurements revealed the non-electrolytic behavior of the synthesized complexes.

University of Gaziantep
Multi objective fuzzy job shop scheduling problems (MFJSSP) are complicated combinatorial optimization problems known as nondeterministic polynomial hard problems. In recent decades, many algorithms to solve MFJSSP are introduced. In this presentation, multi objective job shop scheduling problems under fuzziness are reviewed, discussed and a new methodology to solve multi objective fuzzy job shop scheduling problems are proposed. Jobs are considered as having multi routes and fuzzy duration times represented as fuzzy numbers. All durations such as processing times, completion times, makespan, and tardiness are operated as fuzzy numbers. A feasible solution is obtained by using efficient heuristics and then by means of simulated annealing method the best solution is obtained by considering multi objectives such as makespan, earlines, tardiness etc. A computer program is written for the proposed method and results are discussed. The experimental evaluation performed by different set of problems showed that the method gives efficient result within a reasonable time.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Gaziantep
Turkey's "Occupational Health and Safety Law" numbered as 6331 has been been published in June 2012. According to the Occupational Health and Safety Law companies are categorized in three sections as Less Risky, Risky, and High Risky Companies. Based on this law, a regulation called "Occupational Health and Safety Regulation" has become operative and all of the companies compassed by this regulation are forced to prepare a risk assessment report in order to provide occupational health and safety and increase their occupational health and safety levels. In the literature, there are about two hundred of risk assessment methodologies. Among these methodologies, the mostly used ones are 5 by 5 L-type matrix method, Fine Kinney Method, and Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) which is proposed for the analysis of the risks in the chemical industry. These methods include strict lines and are not reflecting the practical issues of the realworld applications. For this reason, these methods are to be adopted by the use of fuzzy logic. In this study, risk assessment methods used in the risk rating are evaluated and fuzzy approaches are proposed to provide more efficient and realistic results.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Marwan Mohammad Abdulla Mosul University
A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of meloxicam (ME) and piroxicam (PI) in bulk sample and in dosages by using N-Bromosuccinamide (NBS) as reagent .The method is based on oxidation of studied drugs by addition of a known excess of (NBS) in acidic medium (1M) hydrochloric acid followed by determination of residual (NBS) by reacting with a fixed amount of 2R dye measuring the absorbance at 526 nm., the amount of (NBS) reacted corresponds to the amount of drugs and the measure absorbance was found increase linearly with the concentration of drugs , which is corresponds to the amount of (ME) and (PI) which is corroborated by the correlation coefficient of 0.9994 and 0.9993 for two drugs respectively. The systems obey Beer s law for 0.1-20 µg ml -1 and 0.1-17 µg ml -1 respectively. The molar absorptivity was 3.09 x10 4 and 3.2 x10 4 l.mol -1 .cm -1 . for meloxicam and piroxicam respectively. The limits of detection (LOD)and quantification (LOQ) were 0.07, 0.149 and 0.234, 0.491 µg ml -1 for (ME), (PI) respectively, comparable accuracy (er<27%). Also, both methods were equally precise as shown by relative value < 1.6 %. The methods were successfully applied to the assay of (ME) and (PI) in pharmaceutical preparation and the results agree favorably with British pharmacopeia method.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ye.a. Buketov Karaganda State University
Formative assessment is an integral part of the daily process of teaching and learning. Features of the formative assessment techniques are the using of analytical tools and methods for measuring the learners' achievement, the progress of students in the cognitive process. The results of this assessment can be applied to develop recommendations to improving learning. In this paper investigated the methods of formative assessment, and also identified whether the methods would be the most effective in checking the quality of students' knowledge. Mini-tests, independent works, oral surveys were used in the study of formative evaluation. For pedagogical experiment students were divided into three levels "A", "B" and "C". The mini-tests offered statements or questions, and they can answer only "True" to "False". This method involves the development of listening ability and hearing each other, be able to find a connection with previous topics, and reflect on the answer. The independent work consisted of three to five problems based on the topics covered. A checking system was developed for evaluation this type of work, which consist of a list of criteria, on which the solution of problems is evaluated. Oral control was conducted in the form of an individual survey. Analysis of the results of three types of testing shows that the students had the least success in written formative work, because they did not have enough time to complete all the problems in the allotted time.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ye.a. Buketov Karaganda State University
The most important direction in the implementation of trilingual education in Kazakhstan is the systematic study of subjects in three languages in secondary and higher education. The aim of the pedagogical experiment is formation of the key competences of students with using of CLIL methodology. The peculiarity feature of this teaching methodology is in conducting classes in two languages (native and foreign). The pedagogical experiment was conducted in practical classes in the discipline "Chemical synthesis" with the participation of fourth-year students studying in a multilingual group. The experiment was conducted during one academic term, attended by 7 students. Individualized and group method of training was applied to maximize learning, and to compare the effectiveness of the chosen method. The following methods were used in the work: interactive form of "Terminology", "Reference schemes" and "Graphic Organizer" for independent work of students, conducive to the development of ability to analyse the incoming information, to draw findings and conclusions, and ability to use it for communication and hear each other, abilities such as teamwork, and individually. At the end of the term, the effectiveness of these methods was determined by survey. The results of the experiment show that the use of the CLIL methodology increases students' knowledge both in the subject taught and in the knowledge of the second language, which ultimately leads to the formation of the most competitive specialists in their field of activity and development of intercultural education.

İlker Türker Karabuk University
Preferential attachment phenomenon is a key factor providing scale-free behavior in complex networks. In this study, we introduced various preferential attachment patterns applied in a growing Barabasi-Albert network, denoted by a factor α. We first generated networks under constant preferential attachment levels from 0 to 2, where 1 stands for linear preferential attachment. Then we performed network simulations under uniformly distributed random α condition, within the interval [0,2]. Although mean α is 1 for this setup, generated networks displayed greater clustering together with lower modularity and separation values compared to the setup with α=1. We also performed similar network generation procedures with various distribution functions applied for α, each resulting random levels of preferential attachment. We achieved networks with power-law consistent degree distributions with γ coefficients between 2 and 3, together with improved clustering coefficients up to ~0.3. As a result, scale-free network topologies featuring greater clustering levels compared to pure Barabasi-Albert model are achieved.
Keywords: complex network modeling, preferential attachment, scale-free networks, clustering coefficient

Serhat Orkun Tan Karabuk University
In this study, we constructed financial networks between countries based on import and export volume data retrieved from Turkish National Statistics Foundation (TUİK) in monthly resolution. Networks for both import and export volumes are derived from filtered correlation matrix method. We applied various threshold levels for defining links between countries, each correlation threshold investigated for common network parameters like average path length, clustering coefficient and modularity. Degree distributions for all threshold levels are presented as well. Consequently, we outlined that acceptable network outputs are achieved for correlation thresholds in the mid-range of the scale, especially close to 0.5. For this range, we also presented degree distributions of the networks those are in good agreement with power-law decays, correspondingly labelling the networks as scalefree. Network visualizations demonstrating the connections between most similar trading trends with Turkey are also presented. As a result, the presented study provides a practical view of relations between countries defined by similar time series of import and export through Turkey.
Keywords: financial networks, filtered correlation network, data analysis, data retrieval

Remzi Öztekin Gaziantep University
Handcrafts have diversified and developed with the influence of the communities that have lived in Anatolia. One of the decorative needs of people is also jewelery. Jewelery is made by adhering to religious beliefs, social status and traditions except for the purpose of adornment. For this reason, jewelry reflects the beliefs of society, life style and is important in the historical process. Anatolia has its own meanings and tales in various regions, according to the purpose of use. Jewelery looks rich and beautiful, determining social status and beliefs, expressing class, position, showing which believer believes in, etc. manufactured and worn for reasons. Until the first half of the 19th century and the 20th century, twelve kinds of silver jewelery are said to be a woman of Gaziantep. Some of them; tas kaytan, sekke, daktani, pıcpıcı, goturumgu, ucger,arpacıklı, gerdan, Antepli gerdan kemer, koruklu bracelet and a button ring. There are many varieties among them the purpose of this study is to examine the traditional women's jewelleries of Gaziantep and to record the important culture which has been lost due to the creation of new designs by going out of the way, and to use them again today. It is very important in terms of regional culture and tourism that it is possible to search and re-use these local people we can only see in time.

Ganesh Koramannil Charles Darwin University
Indigenous higher education has had its fair share of attention in the last decade amongst the numerous commentaries, reviews and evaluations of the state of Indigenous education in Australia. Through both qualitative and quantitative analyses and reports many aspects of Indigenous Higher Education have been deliberated upon and problems plaguing the sector looked at closely. The recent report 'Completing university in a growing sector: Is equity an issue?' focuses on Indigenous university completion rates and provides a quantitative analysis of factors influencing the phenomenal attrition rate. This paper critiques the report and argues for going beyond mere facts and figures, for moving away from quantitatively impervious to a qualitatively sensitive humanistic approach towards the issue of Indigenous education.

Dagmar Ruskova Stu Bratislava
The complicated reality of the human society life of the last two or three decades is for the needs analyse of humanization of the current technical or natural sciences not only in university study branches the same as what were in the Middle Ages, Nicholas Copernicus or Galileo Galilei for the formation of heliocentric model of the solar system. Humanisation of university technical education is perceived in the perspective of future graduates of technical university as one of the means of their professional adaptation in relation to the social context of their work. The contribution seeks the answer to the question of meaningful humanisation of the teaching process at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. It identifies the factors that students perceive as positive incentives in the development of their own professionalism. It specifies the findings that may be helpful in the process of humanization not only for humanities teachers, but especially for teachers of vocational technical subjects.

Lubica Vaskova Stu Bratislava
The contribution analyses the model of education of vocational technical subjects at the Slovak University of Technology through the idea of Claude Levi-Strauss that the 21 st century will be the century of science of human -or it will not be.... The presented analysis of the preparation of future teachers seeks meaningful complementarity between those subjects which content is represented on the one hand by rational knowledge and on the other hand by subjects revealing the "ordinary, everyday" coordinates of our being, closely linked with the culture and ethical or moral dimension of people. The know truth of the history of the 20 th century unfortunately uncovers the reality of the present, in which still dominates the technocratic model of thinking with an ambivalent attitude to the need of ethics. Ethics in the preparation of technical subjects teaches gives students the chance to understand the current world and its perspective in retrospective evaluation of the fundamental democratic and value pillars of history.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Nur Akcanca Kafkas University
Anger may arise as a result of the interaction of different variables, such as individual and familial characteristics that individuals possess, education and work environments they have received. Depending on these variables, it is thought that children will not be able to tolerate the different forms of anger they see in adults. For this reason, it is important to determine the level of anger and the anger styles of child educators who spend a long time with children in early childhood. From this point of view, this study was conducted to determine the anger level and anger style of the Child Development program students. The research is descriptive and has consisted of students who attend in the Child Development Program at the Vocational School of Social Sciences of Kafkas University. Based on the principle of volunteering, 77 students participated in the research. Demographic information form and Continuous Anger/Anger Expression Style Scale were used as data collection tool. Scale consists of 4 dimensions such as continuous anger, anger-in, anger-out, and anger control. The students' continuous anger scores 23.77±6.28; anger-in score 18.15±4.40; anger-out score 17.78±4.94; and anger control scores 21.68± 5.50 were obtained. As a result of the statistical evaluations, it was determined that the continuous anger subscale significantly changed according to the family types (F (2,73)=5,078, p<0,05). According to the results of the research, it was found that the anger scores of the individuals without family unity were higher.

Keywords: anger expression style, anger level, child development program
In the preschool period, pre-school teachers and child-educators are the person who will be able to love and teach science to children. It is expected that the persons in this profession group will firstly be in a positive attitude towards science so that they can grasp and associate this knowledge with their daily life. The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes of the child educators and prospective preschool teachers towards science. In the 2017-2018 academic year, the students of the Child Development Program and Pre-School Teachers Department students who are in the 3rd and 4th grade at Kafkas University constitute the universe of work. The sample group represents 118 students who agreed to participate in the survey. Personal data form and "Scientific Attitude Scale" which is developed by Geban et al. (1994), were used as data collection tool. As a result of the statistical analyzes, there was no significant difference between university students' attitudes toward science and their sex, age and class. When the students are examined in terms of the areas they have studied, a significant difference was found in favor of the child development program (p<0.05). This result can be explained as the fact that the students who continue to the child development program are mostly educated in the same sections of the girls' vocational high schools in their upper secondary education and they have gotten more applications in their fields.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Haydar Yüksek Kafkas University
In this study, theoretically spectral values of 2-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl-azomethine)-phenyl benzoate was calculated and these values were compared with experimental values and obtained conclusions were evaluated. For this purpose, firstly, 2-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4triazol-5-one-4-yl-azomethine)-phenyl benzoate has been optimized using B3LYP/6-31G(d) and HF/6-31G(d) basis set. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectral values according to GIAO method was calculated using Gaussian G09W software in gas phase and in DMSO solvent. Theoretically and experimentally values were inserted into the graphic according to equitation of δexp=a+b. δ calc. The standard error values were found via SigmaPlot program with regression coefficient of a and b constants. Experimental data were obtained from the literature. Theoretically calculated IR values of this compound were calculated in gas phase. The calculated IR values are multiplied with appropriate scale factors and the values obtained according to B3LYP and HF methods are formed using theoretical infrared spectrum. The identification of calculated IR values was used veda4f program. UV-vis values in ethanol were calculated. In addition, bond angles, bond lengths, dihedral angles, dipole moments, the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy, mulliken charges and total energy of the molecule were calculated with both methods. The calculated and experimental results were exhibited a very good agreement.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Isik Didem Karagoz Gaziantep University
Allergic diseases are a major public health concern in the modern societies. Windmediated spreading pollens are important aeroallergens. When they are released to atmosphere in sufficient amount, they can cause the development of diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis etc. in allergically hypersensitive individuals. The spreading of pollens are affected by their amount in the air, their structures, geographic areas and the climate. Therefore, the amount of pollens that hypersensitive individuals who live in different regions are exposed to may differ and different allergic reactions may ocur in effected individuals. The high amount of pollen production enhances the pollen sensitivity. Thus, the research on regionspesific allergenic effects of species becomes important. Pollens of linden (Tilia cordata), Anatolian oak (Quercus ithaburensis) and birch (Betula alba) are the important allergen sources in Gaziantep region. Pollen allergens are water soluble, stable proteins or glycoproteins of molecular weight between 5-80 kD. A single pollen type usually contains tens of different allergens. Pollens from linden (T. cordata), Anatolian oak (Q. ithaburensis) and birch (B. alba) were collected in pollination period and their extracts were prepared. For determination of pollen morphologies prepare slide use Wodehouse's method and take photos. Total concentrations of potential allergen proteins were determined from prepared pollen extracts through the use of BCA method. In this study, we aimed to prepare extracts of pollens from linden, Anatolian oak and birch widely deployed in wooded areas of Gaziantep University for studies of allergy and use for diagnosing allergic diseases.
Keywords: tree pollen allergy, tilia cordata, quercus ithaburensis, betula alba, pollen extract Pistacia vera fruit, one of the leading products of today's sweet and snack sector, which has been seen in the history of the kingdom, are able to support daily nutritional needs and treatment of many diseases due to the phenolic and flavonoid content in the literature. Especially the studies on colon cancer and breast cancer are remarkable potential antitumoral activity of pistachio examined. The aim of this study is to examine in more detail the P. vera plant, in which we have previously tested the methanol-hexane extracts of the seed and the test and obtained positive results. As well as observing the cytotoxic activities of the plant extracts and active ingredients obtained from different parts on the lung cancer cells. After counting H1299, A549 and HUVEC cell lines which replicated in the medium, were added on 96 well plate. Then, different part of plants extracts and 2 major active ingredients also added. Then MTT dye was applied and measured spectrophotometrically. P. vera extracts and active ingredients which studied cytotoxic activity research were found to be effective in all cell lines in general. Particularly P. vera's remaining after the fruit parts, methanol extract which obtained from waste containing leaf and stem parts and PVK-1 active agent showed selective activity on normal cells and cancer cells, therefore we consider that it has a high therapeutic index. We believe that this plant should be imparted to sciences and health sector with further studies.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ahmet Beyzade Demirpolat
Firat University In the study performed experimentally, the behavior of the time variation of the static pressure heads in pipe water flows has been investigated across pipe diameter, flow rate and pipe roughness. In experiments, five pipe types in different diameters and roughnesses have been used. In the steady and fully developed horizontal pipe water flows, performed at low Reynolds numbers, the static pressure measurements at different pipe downstream stations have been performed. The pressure water heads seen in piezometers has been recorded with a camera for each flow. Snapshots are obtained from each recording at equal time intervals and the pressure heads are readed from that snapshot images. When the pressures at different pipe stations are examined in the same flow rate, it is seen that the pressure fluctuations are existed in the same phase. While RMS values are examined, which show the pressure fluctuation mean intensity, it is observed that the fluctuation intensity is independent of pipe roughness and Reynolds number but it depend on pipe diameters in inversely proportional.
Keywords: pipe flow, pressure fluctuations, pipe flow experiment, pressure head

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ahmet Beyzade Demirpolat
Firat University In this study, the steady, incompressible and axis symmetric flows in the pipe entrance region has been simulated numerically. The developing boundary layer at the pipe entrance region first starts as laminar then disturbed to a turbulent state at some distance downstream. From pipe inlet to a downstream distance where laminar to turbulent transition begins is called the transition length. Determination of the transition length has been major problem for hydro and aeromechanics and yet it seems not to be defined clearly. The effects of wall surface roughness, diameter and Reynolds numbers on transition length has been investigated numerically for low Reynolds numbers covering transition and turbulent flow regimes. On the purpose, water flows were carried out numerically with five pipes at different surface roughness with three diameters. The numerical results have shown that the transition length is a function of Reynolds number than much the wall roughness. Likewise, the numerical study has also shown that changing the pipe diameter but keeping the same relative roughness has left no effect on the transition length. As a study product, a numerical correlation which define the dimensionless transition length and well-fitting the numerical values was derived as a function of Reynolds number.
Keywords: pipe flow, entrance, laminar to turbulence, transition length

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Hasan Düz Batman University
Due to no slip flow condition at the wall, the fluid enter the pipe with a smooth velocity start to develop along the flow to comply the zero velocity at the wall and maximum at the pipe center. After a certain distance where the development completed, the velocity profile becomes fully developed and no longer changes observed along the pipe flow. The region flows where the velocity profile develops is called developing flow or inlet flow and the region flow where the fully developed profile governing is called fully developed flow. Computation of the flow properties in the fully developed region can be enabled with various empirical theories, but the complex flow structure in pipe inlet region still has not been solved exactly. However, it is quite important to know the flow behavior at the pipe inlet to compute the right pumping power especially in the fluid heating and cooling short pipe flow processes' the study performed, the steady pipe flows with Newtonian fluid were simulated numerically at low Reynolds numbers (ranged 1000 and 25000) covering the three flow regimes (laminar, transition and turbulence). High turbulence level and smooth velocity profile were assigned to the flow at pipe inlet. Turbulence flows were solved over the time mean flow assumption. On the numerical results obtained, the variation of axial central velocity along the flow was examined for different relative roughness's. Consequently, a numerical correlation which define the axial velocity and fit the numerical values well is proposed.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey The history of the yoghurt is based on very ancient times, but there is no definite information about where and when it was first made. Since yoghurt and similar fermented dairy products have positive effects on human nutrition and health, consumption and production of yogurt in the world is also increasing. Yoghurt is defined as fermented dairy product in which the symbiotic cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus Delbruck subsp bulgaricus in the Turkish Food Codex Fermented Dairy Products Report. Naturally, many different methods are widely used in the production of yogurt from milk with lactic acid bacteria. In this study, it is aimed to obtain preliminary data for the detection of bacteria in yogurt produced by microbiological methods from beans and lentils and industrial use of these species. For this purpose, fresh pure cultures were obtained. DNAs were isolated from these pure cultures and they were stored. Subsequently, they were characterized by the new generation sequence targeting 16s rRNA sequence analysis and MALDI-TOF methods. The bacteria in the yogurts produced were found to be Streptococcus thermophilus and L. delbruecki subsp bulgaricus. In the obtained data, breeding bacteria on the MRS and M17 media are advised to use culture in yoghurt production.

Mehmet Ozaslan Gaziantep University
Medical laboratory programs are important courses that provide associate degree education for intermediate technical staff who will later be employed in healthcare services. As part of the curriculum, students in this field are trained in molecular biological methods in the spring semester of their second year. The course aims to teach methods for isolating DNA from different biological materials, such as human blood, tissue samples and amniotic fluid, to teach the theoretical steps of the PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which is the basic method used for the amplification of the DNAs obtained, to allow students to practice the PCR method in the hospital's practice laboratories, to provide theoretical lectures on methods for preparing agarose tanks and gels, applying DNA into agarose gel and migrating and visualizing DNA, and to allow students to apply these methods in student laboratories within vocational health service schools. In addition, different PCR-based molecular biology methods and in particular, techniques routinely applied in healthcare services are included in the program's curriculum, and practical training of techniques and methods within the practical infrastructure of university hospitals is also provided. In our healthcare system, the presence of molecular medicine laboratories in both private and government institutions and the necessity of having equipped technical staff in these fields has rendered molecular biological method training a necessity. In conclusion, the combination of theoretical and practical training in the teaching of molecular biological methods increases the employment rate of students in our healthcare system after graduating from the program.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

H. İbrahim Kılıç Gaziantep University
Treatment of Acanthamoeba infections is very difficult. Because medical treatment is usually less effective in cysts than in trophozoites. The two-layered hard wall of the cysts protect highly resistant to anti-amoebic drugs, and the cysts can survive even after successful initial treatment. For this reason, it is important to develop more active and dynamic therapies that make it easier for patients to continue their treatment. In this context, the search for plants used by traditional medicine is a strategy for discovery of alternative treatment (Nagwa ve ark., 2011). Taraxacum officinale, also known as Dandelion, includes different pharmacologically active flavonoids such as quercetin, apigenine, luteolin (Bachmetov, 2012). The objective of this study was to determine the amoebicidal effects of T. officinale against Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites. The pathogenic strain of A. castellanii (ATCC 30010) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. T. officinale was macerated at room temperature with ethanol three times for 48h. A. castellanii trophozoites were treated with the different concentrations of T. officinale (in the quantity from 3 to 96 mg/ml) and incubated for 72 h at 26°C for the determination of the amoebicidal activity of the plant ethanolic extract. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of T. officinale was found to be approximately 73 mg/ml at 72h. T. officinale showed stronger inhibitory effects at the concentrations of 48 and 96 mg/ml against A. castellanii trophozoites. The extracts of T. officinale reduced cell viability by approximately 42 and 55 % at the concentrations 48 and 96 mg/ml, respectively.

Tülay Çımrın Mustafa Kemal University
Scandaroon pigeon known to the southeast and Hatay region in Turkey and is commonly known as a pet. This race, which has different color varieties, has been cultivated by local people for centuries. This research was carried out in order to determine some morphological characteristics of scandaroon pigeons grown in the central of Hatay province. The study was conducted on a total of 124 pigeons (122 males and 102 females) reared in six different enterprises in 2016. Some morphological characteristics of pigeons were examined as coat color, marking, eye color, the number of wing and tail flight feathers. However, as a body morphometric characteristic; body weight and length, trunk length, wing span and length, tail length, thoracic perimeter, chest width and depth, head length and width, beak length and depth and tarsus diameter were measured. In conclusion, in this study body weight and body morphometric characteristics were found to be high in males and gender and age were effective on body characteristics (P <0,05).

Mohammad Al-Dabbagh Technical Institute in Mosul
Sulaiman Al-Zubaidy

Technical Institute in Mosul
Weirs are barriers placed across a river and designed to control the flowing water in order to prevent floods, make waterways operable for inland navigation and measure flow discharge. Although there are many types of weirs, mainly used ones are sharp-crested, circular-crested (cylindrical), broad crested and ogee weirs. In the present study, broad-crested weirs of a triangular cross-section are numerically investigated under different flow conditions. Different interior angles of 90 o , 100 o , 110 o and 120 o are included for the opening of weirs. The flowing water over weirs is simulated using CFD techniques and evaluated at different Froude numbers of 0.13, 0.25 and 0.48. The simulation results have shown that the flow behavior slightly changes with the change of flow regime. In addition, at high flow velocity, the weir of larger opening accommodates the increment of water level at the upstream and reduces the pressure exerted by the dropping water on the bed downstream the weir.

Al-Qasemi
This research represents a pioneering study in the Arab world, in which scientific data on children's language is still lacking, and this holds especially true for the development of narrative competence in early childhood. The goal of the present research was to measure the development of Arab children's narrative competence and to investigate whether its acquisition can be speeded up through the implementation of an intervention program based on the principles of the interactive approach. We assumed that the narrative competence of all children would increase with age, and further that improvements would take place in the research group due to the intervention programme. The research form is an experiment; the experimental group was exposed to the intervention and another, control group was not. Measurements of narrative competence were taken in both groups before and after the intervention. The sample consisted of 124 children of the two ages 3-4 and 5-6 years. The sample was divided randomly into 60 children in the research and 64 in the control group. We used the "DO-BINE" program which assesses narrative competence, and "DO-FINE" intervention. The results show that the 5-6 year olds achieved higher scores than the 3-4 year olds in all three narrative competences. The findings of this study can help administrators and education-policy makers with the treatment of children in the development of spoken language skills and their emerging literacy in kindergarten. Moreover, serve for professionals in kindergarten for diagnosis, assessment and treatment of young children, including those with special needs.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Hassan Abu Saa'd Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education
At time of forcing technology into learning techniques for effective learning, a strong competitive network developed and became worldwide spread not only for learning, but as an open space for social connections and sharing different kinds of information. In addition, smartphones companies present new generations of technology in a very competitive way to public. These smartphones and the technology that the producers worked on were very attractive among youth. These are the multitasking generation and might be the less focused learners. Sparrow, Liu, & Wegner (2011) experimentally tested a common concern about how Internet use might affect memory, specifically how having access to information stored in an external source could render individuals less likely to store information in their own. They found that when students expected to have future access to information, they were less likely to remember specific information but more likely to remember where to find the specific information. This result would suggest that near-constant access to the Internet could influence the kind of information an individual chooses to remember. This kind of cognitive change could be considered an adaptation to the present environment, as trying to remember many pieces of specific information is less efficient than remembering how to access these pieces of information when access is easily obtainable.

Neşe Yoltay Sağlam Yozgat High School
A controlled release fertilizer (CRF) systems based on gelatin hydrogel was prepared to improve fertilizer use efficiency and minimize its negative impact on environment. Gelatin hydrogel was synthesized by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinker and its swelling/degradation behaviors were investigated. Ammonium nitrate (AN) was loaded into the gelatin hydrogel and its releasing was followed. Release of AN from gelatin beads versus time was followed, and it is found that the release gently increased at first and then complied between 40-50 h. The releasing date shows that the prepared AN/gelatin hydrogel system could be named as a CRF. The efficiency of gelatin hydrogel beads including AN were examined on the vegetable growing using cucumber seeds. Plant growth and stem elongations measurements presents the formed hydrogel beads could be successfully used as a CRF system. It can be concluded that the CRF system produced in this study is much promising in utilizing a natural resource like gelatin in the production of matrix material, which could significantly reduce the production costs and offer a quite environÂmental friendly alternative technique.

Mosul University
A spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of methyl dopa, isoniazid, terbutaline sulphate, and codeine sulphate drugs in their pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations, based on the charge-transfer (CT) complex formation reaction with 2,3-dicyano-1,4-naphthoquinone as π-acceptor. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range 10-200 μg ml -1 for methyl dopa at 448.5 nm, 5-150 μg ml -1 for isoniazid at 425 and 563 nm, 10-300 μg ml -1 for terbutaline sulphate at 415.5 nm and 10-150 μg ml -1 for codeine sulphate at 425 nm. The molar absorptivity values are in the range 0.549×10

Safaa Skeikh Birzeit University
The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of teaching 7 th grade Geometry unit (According to Palestinian Curriculum) that have been richnessed by Slowmation videos (Slow Motion Animation) on the achievement of learners and their acquisition the main concepts in this unit. The research was configured around the following research questions: What is the effect of teaching geometry and measurement unit to 7 th grade based on the slow-motion videos on the achievement of learners and acquisition concepts? To achieve the research goals, a quantitative approach was employed with a quasi-experimental design, where experimental group and control group were selected to measure the effect of using slow-motion videos on achievement of learners and their acquisition the main concepts. To achieve the objectives of the study, slowmation relevant videos were designed based on previous literature, and the experience of exemplary well-known mathematics teachers. An achievement test was designed and offered to both groups at the end of the intervention. The results revealed a positive significant effect of employing slowmation videos as a teaching aid in teaching geometry and measurement unit on learners' achievement and on their acquisition the main concepts. Based on these results, the study ended up with some recommendations for school teachers and decision makers in the Palestinian Ministry of Education, and for future studies.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Namik Kemal Oztorun Istanbul University
Axially symmetric shell structures consist of combinations of structural components such as spherical parabolic or partial spherical dome, axially symmetrical wall, circular beam at the top and/or bottom of the wall, or circular plate. There are many degrees of freedom for such structures in analysis with prevalent Finite Element Method. For this reason, about the solution of the unknowns, the number of equations, that push the limits of computers and software, becomes the subject. In the present study; a computer program which is formulated on the classical shell structure theory is introduced. By means of this program, model modifications can be made in an extremely practical way compared to the Finite Element Method in axially symmetric shell structures; load and load combinations, boundary conditions and so on. In addition to all these conveniences, more detailed and more accurate analysis results can be obtained than the Finite Element Method, which can only analyze with a limited number of unknowns with the capacity of computers. The program is formulated with four integral constants and independent from the long wall criteria, gives accurate results regardless of the wall height.
Keywords: axially symmetric shell structure, orbicular dome, axially symmetric wall, circular beam, circular plate, classic shell structure theory, finite element method, post tensioning, structural optimization, structural analysis

Selahattin Arslan Karadeniz Technical University
Deniz Adıyaman Trabzon Provincial Directorate of National Education 'Teacher' constitutes the main components of the educational system, besides students and knowledge. Accordingly, there are many studies carried out on/with teachers. In order to summarize the current situation of the studies with teachers, it is important to investigate them. Based on these considerations, the aim of this research is to examine, in various dimensions, studies carried out with mathematics teachers. For this purpose, 40 articles randomly selected were examined with metasynthesis method under different headings (main area of the study, type of the sample, data collection tools, and main results of the study). The results of this research showed that the studies on teachers were mostly focused on the affective dimension (teachers' self-efficacy, belief, decision making, value, opinion, perception), that these studies preferred other branch teachers when a second sample was needed besides mathematics teachers, that the most emphasized result in these studies was that the quality of in-and pre-service teacher education should be increased.

Selcen Calik Uzun Artvin Coruh University
Selahattin Arslan Karadeniz Technical University cKÂ¢ is a model set out by Balacheff in order to help determining students' conceptions and misconceptions. According to this model a conception is defined by a quadruplet (P, R, L, Î£) in which: P is a set of problems; R is a set of operators; L is a representation system and Î£ is a control structure. Reviewing the literature, one can notice that this model is used in several studies with the aim to determine students' conceptions and misconceptions related to specific concept of mathematics such as orthogonal symmetry, function. In this study we used it to determine global conceptions and misconceptions which is not related to a specific topic of mathematics. For this purpose, 61 preservice classroom teachers were administered an examination on Sets, Equations, Functions and Numbers topic and interviewed in case of necessity. A general misconception called Faulty Generalization is determined according to the quadruplet (P, R, L, Î£). In this study we aim to talk about determining process and elements of this general misconception.

Lale Cerrah Ozsevgec Karadeniz Technical University
Multiple representations play an important role among the basic variables influencing the teaching and learning of concepts. A number of studies revealed how multiple representations of a given concept had a positive impact on the learning of the concepts. It is crucial to investigate the prospective teachers' competence levels on this front, as a means to inform further development of teacher training policies. In this context, the present study intends to analyze to what extent the prospective teachers use multiple representations. The research is based on case study method, registering three prospective teachers' in-class practices over semi-structured observation forms, followed by the analysis of the data using content analysis. The preliminary analysis of data reveals that prospective teachers specifically employ symbolic and verbal representation among various forms of multiple representation but fail to make use of other forms of representation (graphs, diagrams etc.) even when the topic discussed makes their use convenient. These observations lead to the conclusions that prospective teachers employ forms of representation comparable to those used by existing teachers, and that next-generation perspectives employed in teacher training programs do not have a positive impact on the introduction of these applications in class settings.

Al-Qasemi College for Education
This study explores a 'weird' phenomenon in the Arab society in Israel. Arab women with normal intelligent decide to marry with a man with mental retardation (intellectually disabled). This study focuses on the reasons and circumstances that lead women with normal intelligent to marry with an intellectually disabled man. A sample of 30 Arab women participated in this research. Their ages are between 20-35 years. Data were collected by opened interviews with the participants. A qualitative method using the Grounded Theory was used to analyze data. The findings of the study highlight four factors as a reason of why choosing to marry with intellectually disabled man. These factors are: Economic status-a woman chooses to leave her family because of the difficult economic situation. Patriarchic family system-She chooses to leave her family in order to escape the 'injustice family' Stigma 'Anes'-non-married women-She chooses to leave her family in order not to be 'Anes' Religious beliefs-She believes that it is her destiny to marry with this intellectually disable man. All the factors above lead the researcher to the conclusion (theory) that: The main reason of marrying with intellectually disabled man is escaping from bad and difficult reality and a hope of finding something better. Further analysis will have presented at the conference.

Mustafa Koç Süleyman Demirel University
Individuals have different physical, mental, social and affective development progresses. Some of them may experience developmental disabilities which result in difficulties in communication, performing daily activities, learning, and adaptation to their environments. One of the missions of special education field is to provide such students with suitable educational experiences in order to improve their behaviors and lives. Fortunately, technology encourages individual learning and offer great opportunities to struggling and disabled students with different needs. This study aims to explore available mobile technology devices and applications and how they are used for the development and education of individuals with special needs through the examination of published studies in this area. A literature review was conducted in academic database and search engines including Science Direct, Springer Link, Scopus and Google Scholar to reach the related studies. Online searches were facilitated by using appropriate keyword phrases such as "technology in special education", "assistive technologies", "individuals with special needs", "disabled persons" and so on. The review was limited to empirical studies. The collected articles were summarized using the 4N1K technique into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. They were categorized under two main themes as mobile devices and applications, which were then separated into sub-themes according to the type and use of devices (e.g., iPad, iPod) and applications (e.g., Proloquo2Go, Picaa).

University of Gjakova
It's generally known that English and Albanian language share similarities as well as differences in different part of speech. Such differences cause problems especially while we try to translate from English language to Albanian language or vice versa. Verb as one of the most important part of speech, it is seen as very elaborative and complicated one. The formation and features of verbs differ in English and Albanian languages especially in the high number of verb moods that Albanian language has and English language does not have. The aim of this comparative study is to elaborate the differences among the types of verb moods in Albanian and in English language. The comparison will be elaborated based on different examples, given for each of verb moods in Albanian language and in English language. As well as there will be elaborated some of the Albanian verb moods which do not exist in English language and their translation sometimes takes different structure for the matter of textual coherence.
Keywords: verb moods, english language, albanian language, differences of verb moods, coherent translation of verb moods in albanian and english language.

Ozkan Akman Gaziantep University
The identity we have about ourselves, including opinions, information and imagery, is an expression of one's self-understanding. Awareness of self-consciousness is not a constant insight that has emerged or is genetically inherited from ancestors. On the contrary, the formation of identity and the development of self-awareness as a result of this, the interaction with the family and its immediate surroundings during the development of the person is a learned and constantly developing structure. It is our identity that makes us and it is the result of our experiences. The great Russian writer Gorki says that the way to be ourselves is to reduce our desires. So, we have to buy less. According to Gorki, money has a very important role in our identity formation and if it is not controlled, it makes us a slave. The aim of this research is to put forward the thoughts of the prospective teachers about terms such as money, consumption and purchasing attitudes that affect people's life a lot. Qualitative research approach has identified as the method and the case study was used as design of research. Through objective sampling, 55 teacher candidates have formed study group of research. Teacher candidates generally stated that money is the main means of change, that it must exist in our lives, that they must earn and spend money, that it is imperative to purchase goods to meet their needs, and that they adopt and recommend a minimalist philosophy of life.
Keywords: teacher candidates, money, adorno, theory of leisure industry, mass culture

University of Gaziantep
The present study aims to investigate the relationship between students' thinking styles and need for cognition at education faculty by also investigating the effects of gender, department, study year, financial status of the family, city of residence on this relationship. The research data was collected with the selection of the sample which consists of 820 students studying at Gaziantep Education Faculty in 2014-2015, Fall Term. "Thinking Styles Scale" (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992), adapted to Turkish by Bulus (2005), was used to measure thinking styles of teacher candidates. The data related to the need for cognition were collected by "Need For Cognition Scale (NFCS)" (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982;adapted to Turkish by Gulgoz & Sadowski, 1996), and lastly, the data related to the personal information of the students were gathered by "Personal Information Form" which was designed by the researcher. The raw data obtained from the scales were analysed by using SPSS 20. Major analyses conducted include Pearson Product Moment Correlation, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. According to the results, teacher candidates mostly take the role of judicator while they do not prefer the role of conservative in terms of thinking styles. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between their thinking styles and need for cognition, and there are significant differences in terms of gender and department. However, there is no significant difference in terms of study year, income, and residence.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Gaziantep
In this study which was investigated relationship between married individuals' problematic internet usage, marital adjustment, couple burnout and satisfaction level of basic psychological needs and these variables was analyzed in terms of some variables. Additionally, the mediator role of marital adjustment on the relationship between satisfaction level of basic psychological needs and couple burnout was investigated, too. The study group that designed according to relational screening model as a descriptive study is composed of 348 married individuals residing in Osmaniye. In the study; Problematic Internet Use Scale (Ceyhan, Ceyhan andGurcan, 2007), Marital Adjustment Test (Locke andWallace, 1959;Tutarel-Kislak, 1999), Couple Burnout Scale (Pines, 1996;Capri, 2008), Basic Psychological Needs Scale (Deci andRyan, 2000;Kesici et al., 2003) was used as data collection tools. And also, the data about some socio-demographic variables of married individuals has been obtained by using Personal Information Form which has been designed by the researcher. As a result of the research; problematic internet usage is positively associated with couple burnout; marital adjustment is positively associated with satisfaction level of basic psychological needs. Marital adjustment is negatively associated with couple burnout; couple burnout is negatively associated with satisfaction level of basic psychological needs. Moreover, marital adjustment has partial mediating role in the relationship between satisfaction level of basic psychological needs and couple burnout. The findings of the research were discussed and interpreted in the light of the related literature. In addition, some suggestions have been put forward based on the results for further studies.
Keywords: problematic internet use, marital adjustment, couple burnout, basic psychological needs

University of Gaziantep
This study through which the mobbing behaviours and the level of burnout that psychological counselors perceive and their self-efficacy in psychological consultancy have been examined with regard to some parameters is a descriptive research figured in terms of the relational screening model. Psychological counselors who worked in (primary, secondary, high schools and counseling and research center) in Gaziantep during 2015-2016 School Year consisted of the population of the study. In the study, the sample was formed by working with 286 psychological counselors. In order to gather data in the study, Mobbing Scale for Teachers (Tanhan andteam, 2009). Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach andJackson, 1986;Girgin, 1995). Psychological Consultancy Self-Efficacy Scale (Lent et al., 2003). Demographic Information Form which is developed by the researcher were used. As a result of data analysis; it has been observed that there is a significant relationship between the scores with regard to the mobbing behaviours and the level of burnout that psychological counselors perceive and their self-efficacy in psychological consultancy, the total number of multiple regression analysis related to the fact that psychological counselors predict the level of self-efficacy in psychological consultancy accounts for 22 per cent of the total variation but these scores do not significantly differ in terms of the variables of gender and undergraduate program which was graduated from. The findings obtained have been discussed in the considerate of related literature and recommendations have been offered.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Ministry of Education
In this research which was conducted to investigate the determinants of the success levels of music students in secondary school students, Burak (2013) developed musical instruction loading scale was used to determine students' beliefs about the reasons for their successes and failures in music class. This scale consisting of 44 items consists of 5 sub-dimensions as attitude, environment, out-of-School, Instrument and ability. It is understood that the higher the scores obtained from the subscales of the scale, the more the student uploads the music lesson in the related subscale. The research was conducted with a total of 176 students, 99 girls and 77 boys, who are taking music lessons in different secondary schools in the city center of Gaziantep. The findings obtained as a result of the statistical analysis on the data obtained in the study have been interpreted taking into consideration the related literature. According to the research findings, there was a significant difference in the subscale of the scale in favor of female students according to sex, but no significant difference was found in the instrument attitude, environment and ability subscales according to sex. In the study, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the ability and instrument sub-dimensions of the scale, although there were significant differences in terms of the points obtained from Attitude, environment and out-of-course subscales and the sum of the scale as a result of the analysis of the characteristics of the secondary schools.

Janet Helmer Nazarbeyev University
Educational outcomes are particularly poor for the 43 percent of Australia's Northern Territory students who are Indigenous, many of whom lag significantly behind their non-Indigenous peers (see ACARA, 2011.) The heavy investment by many NT schools in computers, interactive whiteboards and other educational technologies can be seen in part as an attempt to ameliorate their inherent disadvantage, thus equalising the learning opportunities in remote locations. Technology is a response to the need to better engage students and improve educational outcomes. This research examined motivational, pedagogical and systemic factors that affect the way technology is used in the classroom. Expectancy-value theory was used as a framework to organise and understand motivations when attempting to integrate technology into their teaching and how their expectation of the technology influenced their pedagogical goals. This research investigated what factors impact teachers' perceptions of ICT integration in their classes by looking at skills, practices, attitudes and ability to confidently integrate technology as a teaching tool. Data were gathered through observations of technology-based lessons and semi-structured interviews with teachers in Australia's Northern Territory schools. Results showed teachers placed high value on using technology for education; however, the expectancy of its success was frequently diminished when teachers perceived barriers beyond their immediate control such as the lack of human resources to support the technology, and a lack of effective professional development resulting in teachers lacking confidence to successfully deliver a technology-based lesson.
Keywords: technology, primary school, remote teaching, teacher efficacy

Alin Pohilca Dunarea De Jos University
More and more industries are streamlining their business by looking for more and more qualified engineers with little resources and time to train graduates and junior engineers. In order to support this trend, the education environment needs to keep up with the industry and produce more and more capable engineers over the same timeframes, whilst also keeping costs down. The maritime world, specifically, requires versatile engineers, with a great exposure over a vast array of subjects, in order to offer employers, the flexibility that they require reduces the training costs. This scientific paper dwelves into the new field of virtual reality software introducing 3d photography management systems into educational environments. AVA360 is a visual asset management software designed ts to assist universities with offering their students the immersive experience of being on board a vessel without leaving the classroom. On board inspections, vessel layouts, interior designs, real structural defects, welding seams, inside of tanks (which otherwise are inaccesible) can be experienced and felt through real 3D images, thus speeding up the learning process and putting the academic concepts into context. AVA360 is a collection of high resolution spherical photos (scenes). The teacher/professor can define hotspot links directly into scenes to provide access to supporting documentation (text, drawings, spreadsheets etc) and media (photo, video and audio files). The software will combine the challenging side of the classroom study with a user-friendly interface to ensure all students can comfortably familiarise themselves with the concept of a ship before entering the industry.

Merve Saglam Anadolu University
Emel Sözen Anadolu University MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides that play crucial roles in gene expression through target mRNA translation inhibition or degradation. They generally bind to complementary sequences in the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of specific proteincoding genes, inducing mRNA cleavage or translational repression. It was reported that dietary miRNAs are present and stable in human blood and can function as active signaling molecules to regulate mammalian genes. It was specifically shown that bovine miRNAs regulate genes that play roles in human health and development. For this reason, dietary miRNAs are recently considered as potential candidates for disease biomarkers. To date, over 500 miRNA genes were linked with 378 diseases in humans. In this study, we have intensively reviewed publications on dietary miRNA to provide a detailed summary of their potential use as a disease biomarker. In addition, some miRNA examples for different areas that pose important health threats to humans were given.

H. Ziya Özek Namik Kemal University
A variety of computer aided techniques have been proposed to help solving diagnosticproblems in different disciplines. Commonly known as expert systems, approaches, undertaking distinct formalisms for modelling domain knowledge, include: rule-based and frame-based systems or semantic and neural networks. Explanatory mechanisms are more easily implemented with rule-based systems and graphical models making these preferred solutions to the diagnostic problem. Since the pioneering work by Feigenbaum (DENDRAL, 1971) theory and utility of expert systems have progressively evolved and accompanied by the appearance of various expert systems development tools. In textile industry, expert systems are generally used to increase production, improve quality and reduce costs. This paper describes Fabric Defect Diagnosing System (FDD-EXPERT), an expert system in the domain of fabric defects. Fabric defect is known as an undesirable fault in the fabric which deteriorates the quality fabric and makes it inferior. FDD-EXPERT contains 173 different defects based on TS471 ISO8498 Woven Fabric Description of defects with additional 47 defects. Defects depicted in this domain are classified based upon their similarity of appearance, multiple attributes relevant to effect upon visual quality and sources of defects. Possible reasons for each defect and remedial solutions are also included. A rule-based knowledge domain and interference engine is generated in PROLOG. User friendly interface of the system is developed through Visual Basic (VB.Net). It is a combination of logic and declarative programming. This diagnostic system may be utilised as problem solving and training tool by novice operators or as a supplementary knowledge for expert operators.
Keywords: fabric defect, diagnostic expert system, prolog

University of Belgrade
Learning outside the classroom in authentic natural and social environments is very different from traditional learning in the classroom. It provides opportunities for using various learning strategies, enables integration of knowledge and enhances students' motivation. Natural and social (cultural) objects in a local environment become the venue, means and object of teaching and learning. In this paper, an outdoor learning strategy in English for tourism course is presented a visit to a museum by Students of Tourism department at the Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade. Before their visit to the Museum of African Art in Belgrade the students were assigned a task to find information on the web about an African country of their choice and prepare a five-minute presentation on its culture, tradition and customs. Also, they were assigned to study the most popular tourist destinations in the country and present their accommodation facilities and attractions. A constructivist approach to university teaching implies connection between content (tourism geography) and context (museum) in which the content will be used, whereas a holistic, integrated approach to foreign language learning helps students develop a comprehensive view of the world and improve their foreign language skills. Furthermore, learning outside the classroom promotes conditions for improving the quality of learning and results in more functional and lasting knowledge.
Keywords: outdoor education, constructivist approach, english for special purposes, tourism geography

Mahire Bayramoğlu Akkoyun
Siirt University This study aimed to investigate protective role of coenzyme Q 10 and boric acid on the level of vitamins (A, E, D) against bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats. The experimental period was performed with 32 female wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight rats each. Group I: Control, untreated animals were given % 0,9 NaCl. Group II: The bleomycin (BLM)-treated animals were intratracheal administered of BLM (7.5 mg/kg). Group III: It was determined as BLM (7.5 mg/kg) + BA 10 mg/kg. Group IV: It was determined as BLM (7.5 mg/kg) + BA 10 mg/kg + CoQ 10 4 mg/kg. In the study, tissue vitamin analysis was carried out using HPLC method. Vitamin analysis was performed with a C 18 reverse phase column. The chromatogram was monitored with PDA array detection at 325, 290 and 265 nm (atocopherol, retinol and cholecalciferol). Statistical analysis showed that the BLM group was significantly lower than the control group with regards to vitamin E, A and D levels (p<0.001, p<0.05 and p<0.001). On the other hand, the BLM+BA and BLM+BA+CoQ 10 groups were also significantly lower than the control group regarding vitamin E level (p<0.05, p<0.05). Whereas, The BLM+BA+CoQ 10 group had increased level of vitamin D according to BLM group (p<0.01). The data clearly shows that both coenzyme Q 10 and boric acid are effective in normalizes levels of vitamins in lung tissue. However, BA+CoQ 10 was found to be chemoprotective effect with regards to Vit D against bleomycin-induced lung injury.

Güventürk Uğurlu Kafkas University
Faruk Kardaş Erzincan University 2-Thiohydantion and its derivatives provide beneficial synthetic intermediates with a great variety of employment like therapeutics, fungicides and herbicides. In this study, molecular structure, electronic and non-linear optic properties of 2-Thiohydantion are studied theoretically. Ogawa, et al. experimentally determined the crystal structure of 2-Thiohydantion molecules. To the best of our knowledge, there is no theoretical and experimental study on title molecules except for molecular structure. The structural, vibrational analysis, electronic, and non-linear optical properties of 2-Thiohydantion molecule have been examined theoretically using ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP) methods applying the standard 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. The results of vibrational parameters were analyzed by VEDA 4 software. 1 H-and 13 C-nuclear magnetic shielding constants of the molecule were calculated by employing the direct implementation of the Gauge Including-Atomic-Orbital (GIAO) method at the B3LYP/6-311+G (2d,p) and HF /6-31G(d) levels of the theory. In addition, using the calculated the highest occupied molecular orbital energies (E HOMO ) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies (E LUMO ), electronic properties of the studied molecules such as energy gap (∆E = E LUMO -E HOMO ), chemical potential μ, electrophilic index ω, ionization potential IP, electron affinity EA, electronegativity χ, molecular softness S, molecular hardness η were obtained. The ∆E for title molecule are calculated at 4.865 eV, with DFT/B3LYP at 10.125 eV, with HF level of theory using the 6-311++G (d, p) basis set, respectively. Structural parameters such as bond lengths; bond angles and dihedral angles of title molecules were compared with the experimental data in the literature.

Samet Çakır Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam Üniversity
Tomato cultivation was in the first place with 619,877 tons in the glass greenhouse in the Mediterranean region. Tomato production was ranked first with 437 tons while cucumber production ranked second with 48 tons in Kahramanmaras (TUIK, 2015). Many problems such as diseases, weeds and pests are encountered in greenhouse tomato cultivation. One of the most important of these problems is the weeds. One of the foreign weeds, Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a parasite plant and the most difficult to control. When you do not control with Dodder (Cuscuta spp.), economic loss occurs 100% in tomato yield and quality. It has been diagnosed that it is a dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) in tomato growing in the glass greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculties. Since the dodder seeds have dormancy, various attempts have been made to break this dormancy. Methods of breaking dormancy on dodder seeds; low temperature application was carried out at 3.5Â°C for 80 days, in deep freezer at -200 0 C for 24 hours, in pure water for 72 hours, kept at room temperature (26 0 C) for 284 days and 1% Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was applied to the seeds of the dodder for 3 minutes. From these applications dodder seed germinations was observed only in sulfuric acid applications.

Sermin Algul Van Yüzüncü Yıl University
The glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant agent that has play important role in the maintenance of oxidant/antioxidant status in the body. We aimed to investigate effects of aerobic exercise performed in morning and at night time on serum GSH levels in sedentary subjects. Total of 20 sedentary male (21.8±1.2 yr) performed an aerobic running exercise at their anaerobic threshold for 30 mins in morning and at night. Ethical approvement has been obtained before study. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise. GSH analysed using ELISA method. Paired t -test used to analyse data and p<0.05 was accepted as significant. GSH decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 3.733±0.38 μM to 1.828±0.61 μM (51% decrease) in morning and 3.826±0.39 μM to 1.829±0.14 μM (52% decrease) but it did not change significantly at night exercise 1.652±0.19 μM to 2.02±0.19 μM. Aerobic exercise performed in morning may cause significant decreases in GSH levels, reflecting high antioxidant requirements. Interestingly, night time aerobic exercise caused a small but non-significant increase in GSH levels, reflecting other antioxidant system contributions. However, considering marked decreases in basal GSH levels in night time exercise (57%) may be indicator of weakness in antioxidant defence system against exercise induced oxidative stress increases. Thus, sedentary subjects should be avoided to perform higher intensity exercise in night time.

Ayşegül Gümüş Yüzüncü Yıl University
Each year many articles have been published on aromaticity. It is important to determine the aromaticity of a molecule. Because it provides important information on which reactions the molecule can be used and which properties it can display. Although there are several methods for determining the aromaticity of a structure, NICS (Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts) method which has the simplest application and offers the right approach. Phenanthrene, an aromatic compound, is one of the most searched chemical substances from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with over 100 different combinations. There are many different types of organic compounds, which consist of carbon and hydrogen. Centric substitution on one of the rings of phenanthrene will effect its aromaticity due to disturbance of the perfect ring current. By substituting carbon with an electronegative atom such as nitrogen, it will reduce the aromaticity of the phenanthrene rings. As the positions of the substitute nitrogen change, the aromaticity must also be affected.For this purpose, aromaticities of the rings of phenanthrene were calculated after replacing one of the carbons with one nitrogen on positions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10. To recover the aromaticity lost as a result of the nitrogen substitution, the ring hydrogens were substituted with nitro groups. The electrons on the electronegative nitrogen were transfered back to the ring. The ground state energies and the aromaticity of the compounds have been obtained by the application of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. NICS data have been computed at the ring centers.rn Keywords: aromaticity, phenanthrene, nics

Zihniye Okray European University of Lefke
Although Cyprus was under control of United Kingdom from 1878 to 1960 movements which affects Turkey were also affect Turkish Cypriots who were living in Cyprus. 5th of December is a meaningful day in our calenders because the Turkish women earn their right to vote and stand for the election in 1935.Ulviye Mithat (U.) was born in 1906 at Kastamonu, Turkey; married with a Turkish Cypriot then moved to island in 1923. She lived in Cyprus till 1940. Between 1935 she wrote articles in local newspapers called Ses and Embros about women's rights. She was the most-of best knowledge of author-critisized columnist because of her modernist, egalitarian and reformist ideas of her. In this paper Discourse-Historical Approach from Reisigl and Wodak was used in order to find discourses specific to Ulviye Mithat between 1935-37 in Cyprus. As a result, although Ulviye Mithat was write in 1930's her ideas about women's rights and gender equality is far beyond of her era.

Irina Andreeva Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
As Sir Isaac Newton has said, laws of the Nature have been written in the language of Differential Equations. In particular, the classical theory of normal systems of Ordinary Differential Equations, supported by Caushy theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions, describes determined processes taking place in the Nature, technics and even in the society, i. e. such processes, for which a condition of a described system in an arbitrary fixed moment depends on its condition in any other moment. Solutions, describing such processes, are called the ordinary. But when the conditions of the Caushy theorem are not satisfied, a situation totally changes. A point, in any neighbourhood of which such conditions are not satisfied, may become for a system under consideration a point of nonuniqueness, a point of bifurcation. A solution of a system, each point of which appears to be a point of nonuniqueness, is called a special solution. A task of a full integration of a system demands finding of all its solutions, special solutions as well as ordinary ones. But this item shows us some gap in a special literature. This paper presents materials with the aim to fill this gap.
Keywords: differential equations, ordinary solution, special solution, bifurcations

Ahmed Khallaayoun Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane
First semester engineering students at Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI) emanate from different backgrounds namely the Moroccan system or the French one. AUI students do not only face difficulties adjusting to the transition from high school to college but adapting to a student-centered system. Center for Learning Excellence's (CLE) aim is to render students' independent learners. Failure to adapt to the new environment and the lack of support services result in high failure rates in introductory courses namely computer science and mathematics. A multitude of carefully designed (unique in our context) tutoring services, were implemented to assist with the transition. First, this paper focuses on the impact that tutoring had on students' success and excellence based on the extent of faculty involvement. Then, it describes the challenges that first semester students face and the services created to overcome them. Based on the statistics conducted, a clear correlation exists between the use of the CLE tutoring services and the students' grades. Light will be shed on the development phases of the CLE and its current structure (also achieved through CRLA certification). The statistical approach will be explained and the results obtained by taking introduction to programming as an example are shared showing the significant impact that tutoring had on students' success and excellence. Statistics on CLE Students' performance in more advanced courses are also presented, showing that students who attended the CLE perform better than students who did not use the CLE tutoring services in more advanced courses and that faculty involvement directly impacts attendance in tutoring services.

Seyfettin Alan Muş Alparslan University
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of micro-teaching applications which prepared by using the VUSTAT program on the techno-pedagogical content knowledge of mathematics teacher candidates. Participants of the study consisted of ten mathematics teacher candidates who continued to the fourth grade. Teacher candidates are taught about the features and use of the VUSTAT program through samples over 10 lesson hours (two weeks). During this period, prospective teachers investigated the statistical topics given to them in middle school mathematics textbooks. Then they used the Vustat program to organize worksheets for the selected statistical topics. After the presentation of the lecturer on the interacting board using the VUSTAT program, each teacher candidate made their first presentations regarding the lesson plan prepared by them. Two different observation forms were used for assessment teacher candidates' presentation by their peers. All assessments were sent to prospective teachers. In the light of the assessment second tour presantations and evaluations will be made next weeks. So the findings and results to be obtained in the study will be shared later.

University of Baghdad
Zerumbone, a natural lipophilic compound from Zingeber zerumbet, has a variety of pharmacological activities. In the current study, Zerumbone-loaded nanostructured lipid Gel (ZER-NLCG) using the Carbapol 940 as a gelling agent was prepared. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of ZER-NLCG were investigated to determine their role in wound healing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a change in inflammatory releated genes (COX-2) was investigated using Western blotting. The results showed that the ZER-NLCG stimulated anti-inflammatory response through enhanced production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. It was also shown that ZER-NLCG down regulated COX-2 gene expression. The results of the study showed that ZER-NLCG modulates anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression which ultimately improves the systemic immune pathways associated with inflammation, allowing for faster tissue repair. This data supports the use of ZER-NLCG as a promising formula for wound healing.

University of Baghdad
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide. Due to the concern regarding its toxicity for non-targeted species in soil, finding glyphosate-degarding microorganisms in soil is of interest. The success of of this will depend on isolating bacteria with the ability to grow in presence of gluphosate. Two species of bacteria were isolated from soils of Baghdad. Morphological characteristic and biochemical reaction indicated that these species designated as Serratiamarcescensand Bacillus. These bacterial isolates exhibited the ability to utilize glyphosate as sole carbon source and energy at 20 mM concentration, the growth of bacteria in the minimal media containing glyphosate was determined after one and two days of incubation at 30c by measuring turbidity at (680)nm, the maximum growth was (0.3836)nm in Bacillus after two days of incubation compaired with control was(0.0170)nm, while the minimum growth was (0.06)nm in Serratiamarcescens after one day of incubationcompaired with control was(0.03).The maximum chloride ion release(dehalogenase enzyme activity) was(1.3199)u/ml inBacillus after two days of incubationcompaired with control was(0.0491)u/ml, while the minimum activity was (0.3)u/ml in Serratiamarcescens after one day of incubationcompaired with control was(0.04)u/ml. This result suggests that the dehalogenase enzyme present in the bacteria has high affinity towards the substrate. A better understanding of dehalogenase enzyme produce by these two bacterial species will be useful to be used as bioremediation tools for environmental management Keywords: glyphosate, degredation, seratia

Shaymaa Fadhel Albaayit University of Baghdad
Ahmed Al-Khafaji University of Baghdad Moringa peregrina have long been used in folk medicine to treat diseases including fever, headache, burns, constipation, gut pains and inflammatory. Nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1Î²) play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Moringa peregrina seed ethanolic extract (MPSE) on nitric oxide and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1Î²) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated macrophage cell line (J774A.1) as well as the in vitro cytoxicity of the extract. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity effects of the extract. The level of nitrit was detected using Griess assay, and IL-1Î² proinflammatory cytokine level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the macrophage culture supernatants. The results showed that the MPSE was not toxic to the J774A.1 cells at 1000 Î¼g/mL. The extract also significantly inhibited nitric oxide and IL-1beta production by the LPS-activated J774A.1 cells. These findings indicate that the Moringa peregrina seed extract inhibited NO and IL-1beta production may be useful in treating and preventing inflammatory diseases accompanying excessive production of NO.

University of Tirana
Public facilities in Albanian do not fulfill the National Energy Building Code conditions resulting with great electrical energy losses. In this paper we present an approach to control electrical energy consumption through a system in base of which is a prototype measuring instrument realized in the laboratories of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and which have the ability to be controlled remotely as part of an intelligent energy managing system. The proposed prototype instrument measures continuously the instantaneous values of voltage and current through an algorithm based on a two-stage, first order, low-pass Butterworth filter. The application of algorithm was implemented in a low-cost microcontroller ARM Cortex MO, PSoC4. The performance of the prototype is tested comparing the values generated from it with the values generated from a standard FLUKE metering unit, measuring the same circuit. Based on these results of measurements, the accuracy order of the prototype results to be less than 1% which satisfies the requirements of EN50470-1 and EN50470-3 for electronic metering systems, class B. The implementation of the proposed prototype as part of an intelligent energy managing system in public facilities is expected to change the existing management energy culture and increasing electrical energy consumption efficiency by reducing electrical energy losses at least 30% and detecting immediately illegal connections. The structure and tasks of the proposed system to be installed in public facilities is presented and the strategy for keeping the system secure is defined. Cost and savings evaluations for 10 target facilities shown that the system is cost-effective (including investment and running costs).
Keywords: electrical energy, efficiency, metering, monitoring, public facilities

Mahmut Yılmaz Ahi Evran University
In this study, some reproduction characteristics such as sex ratio, spawning season egg diameter and fecundity of Wels Catfish, Silurus glanis from Sıddıklı Dam Lake were investigated between September 2015 and August 2016. Sex ratio was determined by macroscopically from gonads. The overall sex ratio (F:M) was 0.88:1.00, which did not deviate from 1:1 (χ2= 0.841, p >0.05). The values of gonadosomatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.033 to 11.80 in females and 0.008 to 0.451 in males. According to GSI values, reproduction season of the Wels Catfish population in Sıddıklı Dam Lake is between April and June. The data of fecundity and egg diameter were obtained from 8 female individuals. The fecundity of Silurus glanis varied between 9018 and 75938. The average number of eggs in this population was found as 46342.5 ± 25012.42939 egg/individual. Also, average eggs diameter was determined as 1.758± 0.604 mm. Note: This work was financially supported by Ahi Evran University (Project No: PYO.MYO.4001.15.001).

Mahmut Yılmaz Ahi Evran University
In this study, a total of 131 pike, Esox luciusindividuals captured from Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake between September 2015 and August 2016 was examined. The relationships between total length (TL) and cleithrum length (CL) of pikecaptured from Sıddıklı Küçükboğaz Dam Lake were determined using linear regression model. There was a significant difference between right and left cleithrum measurements. Also, the variations in cleithrum lengths of females and males were statistically significant. Therefore, the regressions were generated separately according to female and male. All relationships were highly significant (P < 0.001, r 2 > 0.876). Linear regression model provided the good fit for above 90% and 80% of female and male, respectively. The coefficients of regression (r 2 ) in females were higher than males. The data of this study can be useful back-calculating fish length from these structures found in the stomachs of piscivorous animals and sizes of these fishes in archaeological samples. Acknowledgements: This work was financially supported by Ahi Evran University (Project No: TBY.A4.17.003).

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Altay Firat European University of Lefke
Aysegul Nacak Girne American University

Tugçe Gençoğlu Yunus Emre Middle School
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus covers a surface area of 3,555 square kilometers which includes about 23% of forest area. The forest fires in Northern Cyprus have a very significant role in the loss of forest areas; the information obtained after examining the actual cases of deforestation indicates that 90% of the forest fires are caused by humans. Among the factors that are effective in the protection of forest within the scope of realization of sustainable forestry activities are fires, animal crush, soil erosion and pestilential. Throughout this study, the causes of forest fires (967 fires) in the Northern Cyprus between the years 2000 and 2016, the proportional distribution of forests and private land fires and the distribution of forests and private land fires according to the year and the months have been searched. Based on the results of the analysis, the negligence and carelessness among the causes of the forest fire are ranked in the first place as 62.04%. In terms of the total number of the forest fires, it was observed that the greatest number of forest fires occurred in 2003 between the years 2000 and 2016. It was also observed that the number of forest fire reached to the maximum level in June whereas it went down to the minimum level between December and March. It is noteworthy that the number of the forest fires and the total burning area in private land between 2000 and 2016 is higher than that of forest land.
Keywords: forest, forest fire, sustainable forestry, the north cyprus directorate of forestry

Ministry of National Education
The Turkish language curriculum which was tested in Turkey in 2004 and made official in 2005 required special sound practices in the preschool period in terms of the new early reading and writing method it brought. However, the existing preschool curriculum did not even have any trace of sound practices. In time, when this significant need made itself felt more noticeably, a preschool curriculum that contained targeted outcomes and activities of preschool education was prepared in 2013. The preschool curriculum included language development in children who are 36-48, 48-60 and 60-72 months old and targeted outcomes, indicators and explanations related to this. In the US, the Federal Government published a framework curriculum with the name of Common Core State Standards primarily concerning English Language Arts in 2010 to achieve unification of curricula among the states. The states were allowed to modify this core curriculum by up to thirty percent as long as the presented strands (learning fields) and standards (learning outcomes) are preserved. The State of California, which started the trial implementation of the core curriculum in 2010, made the curriculum official after the standards it added onto it as a result of three years of implementation with the name California Common Core State Standards. The program in question has a continuity along the K-12 spectrum which starts from preschool and extends up to the 12th grade. Reading and writing standards gained a very broad role in California's curriculum with their indicators and explanations under four main categories as Reading Standards for Information, Reading Standards for Foundational Skills, Writing Standards and Language Standards. This study aims to compare these two curricula in terms of reading and writing standards for the preschool period.
Keywords: preschool reading and writing standards, preschool curriculum in Turkey, california common state standard

Ahmet Çebi Ondokuzmayıs University
In addition to the interactions among components of curriculum such as objectives, content, learning-teaching process and measurement-assessment, consideration of developmental characteristics that appear in different contexts such as the mental development of the child is a must in clarifying curriculum assessment studies. If some outcomes related to the development of the native language were determined in the curriculum, language development criteria become prominent in a was that is related to mental development. The preschool curriculum in Turkey has included some targeted outcomes that are related to language development. We may list these under titles as phonetics, syntax, listening skills, observation skills, speech skills, reading skills and writing. When the content of the outcomes is examined, it is seen that prominent linguistic phenomena include distinguishing sound, sound awareness, syntax rules, usage of language for communication, improvement of vocabulary, understanding the meaning of what is listened to and observed, expression of what is listened to and what is observed in various ways, usage of grammar structures in speech, reading awareness and text awareness. In addition to these, it was aimed to determine some indicators regarding the outcomes included in the preschool curriculum, and explanations were made about each outcome. The main purpose of this study was to individually investigate and analyze the contents of targeted outcomes in the preschool curriculum in Turkey with their indicators that were aimed to be determined and the explanations for these indicators through elements of curriculum and language development criteria in the context of mental development.
Keywords: mental development of preschool children, language development of preschool children, outcomes of the preschool curriculum in turkey that are related to language development, contents of outcome

Ahmet Akbaş Dicle University
The aim of this research is to examine the self-efficacy beliefs of middle school mathematics teachers towards mathematical literacy (ML) and problem-based learning (PBL) approach and to determine the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers' according to their gender and professional experience variables. Moreover, it was examined whether teachers' ML self-efficacy beliefs were a significant predictor of PBL self-efficacy beliefs. Survey model which is one of the descriptive research methods was used in the research. The study group was formed by 156 middle school mathematics teachers. ML self-efficacy scale, PBL self-efficacy scale and personal information form were used as data collection tools in this research. In the analysis of the data, t test, one-way variance analysis and simple regression analysis were used. It was found that ML and PBL self-efficacy beliefs of mathematics teachers were at the level of "I agree". As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was determined that the teachers' ML self-efficacy beliefs according to gender were significantly different. Furthermore, it was determined that mathematics teachers' PBL self-efficacy beliefs didn't differ significantly in terms of gender and professional experience. Also, it was found that the ML self-efficacy beliefs of mathematics teachers were a significant predictor of PBL self-efficacy beliefs. It was determined that 45% of the total variance for PBL self-efficacy beliefs was explained by ML self-efficacy beliefs.
Keywords: mathematical literacy, mathematics teachers, problem-based learning, self-efficacy beliefs

Yasemin Alkan Dicle University
The purpose of this study was to examine the epistemological beliefs of middle school students in rural areas and their attitudes towards solving mathematical problems according to gender and class level variables. It was also necessary to determine whether the epistemological beliefs of middle school pupils in rural areas have predicted their attitudes toward mathematical problem solving. The research was carried out using the survey model, which is one of the descriptive research methods. The participants of the survey consisted of 435 middle school students in three state schools in a large provincial rural area. Personal data form, mathematics problem solving attitude scale and epistemological beliefs scale were used as data collection tools. When the data were analyzed, nonparametric tests were used because they did not show normal distribution. According to the results, mathematical problem-solving attitude and epistemological beliefs did not differ according to gender. Also, as the class level of the students increased, the mathematical problem-solving attitude and epistemological beliefs of the students decreased. According to the results of the regression analysis conducted in order to predict the mathematical problem-solving attitudes of the epistemological beliefs of the students, epistemological belief was found to be a significant predictor for mathematical problem solving.
Keywords: attitude, epistemological belief, middle school students, problem solving, rural area

Ministry of Higher Education
Research conducted is related to the preparation and characterization of solid polymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl chitosan, ammonia nitrate and ethylene carbonate. The potential of carboxymethyl chitosan as a green polymer electrolyte has been explored. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer which can be obtained from the partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. Chitosan reacts with monochloroacetic acid to form carboxymethyl chitosan. The solid films were prepared by solution casting technique with ammonia nitrate and ethylene carbonate. Characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan was carried out by using infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis in order to study the changes in functional groups and structural of carboxymethyl chitosan. The changes in a shifting of wavenumbers confirmed that the interaction between the ion of ammonia nitrate and ethylene carbonate. Elemental analysis was carried out to determine the element content and the degrees of substitution in chitosan derivatives. Scanning electron microscope is used to study the morphology of the film samples. Morphological observation determines whether the blends were homogenous and no phase separation occurred. The presence of amorphous and crystalline structure of the film samples can be determined by X-ray diffraction. The conductivity of the film samples can be calculated through EIS.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Leong Kok Seng Polytechnic Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail
Research conducted is related to the preparation and characterization of dithizon method based on extraction of cadmium, lead and zinc trace metals from seawater samples. Inorganic metals or ions can act back with dithizon to produce colourful coordination. The dithizon reagent is highly sensitive to the presence of heavy metals such as plumbum (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) as designated in this study. Inorganic metals or ionic can react with dithizon to produce colored coordination compounds. The resulting dithizonate may be extracted with an organic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). This study also involves steps such as adjusting the pH value in order to produce the dithizonate metal product we need. In this study, metal powders were dissolved in seawater samples and extracted with dithizon to enhance the detection and extraction facilities. We analyze trace metals carried out by plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to see the efficiency of dithizon extraction methods into seawater samples used.

Arif Sarı Girne American University
Ugur Can Atasoy Girne American University Cryptocurrency concepts are mostly known with Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH) and Ripple (XRP) concepts, but there are lots of varieties in exchange market like Bitcoin Cash (BCH/BCC), Bitcoin Gold (BTG), Litecoin (LTC), Tezos (XTZ) and other currencies along with ICO's. Cryptocurrency concept raised from bottom to top in several years in terms of price, people's and companies interest, varieties and new malware variants. Trading, exchanging and mining bitcoin varieties are still popular concept but there is one new aspect arising; automated mining tools and services. Due to extraordinary changes in rate of BTC's financial value, these automated and simplified services draw attention and became trendy more than before. During all these financial and interest-based changes, malware variants started to innovate BTC based new generation malware evolution which focused on BTC mining rather than ransoming and spying on users. This paper focused on cryptocurrency fluctuations and mining based new generation malware varieties along with the affiliation between these concepts in BTC timeline.

Fatma Yesil Gaziantep University
As in all social events the among reasons that affect also polygamy, it is known that there are of the many factors such as social structure's social, economical, cultural structures, belief systems which are thought to significantly affect the lifestyles of the societies.The aim of this study is to find out how women from different ethnic origins who came to the world in the same culture and lived within the same geographical boundaries point of view about polygamy and whether there is a difference in the direction of affirmation or negaivity. The basic questions appropriate for the purpose of study were prepared in advance and new questions were also generated according to the response given by each participant to the questions the researcher asked during the interview. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 Syrian women of four different ethnic origins who lived in the same geographical borders as Arab, Turkmen, Circassian and Kurdish between the ages of 18-45 and who were trained in the same or similar culture. As a result, it has been found that women have a negative attitude towards polygamy, which is known to exist in the cultural structure in Syria.

Anjelika Şimşek Çağ University
In philosophical narrative, masculine characters direct their looks to feminine characters. In the movie theatre the audience automatically becomes identical to this masculine view, often unconsciously. Because the camera immediately attracts the masculine character not only from the optical point of view but also from the libidinal point of view. Therefore, the cinematic view has three planes (camera, character, and audience) that objectify the females and transform it into a spectacle. Classical cinema has defined female myth, feminine characters as a structure, code or compromise. Thus, masculine characters are always presented as strong, ideal ego, while feminine characters are distorted, presented in need of need, incapacity and masculine dominance. So, the identification is always the golden of the masculine character. The main aim of that article is to critically examine Turkish Cinema films of 1990-2010 period. Using the groundwork of 'Male Gaze', formulated by Laura Mulve. In order to analyze the male view of female in cinema, films directed by males were selected.

Mine Isiksal-Bostan Middle East Technical University
The purpose of the study was to examine how middle-grade students interpret ordering of two negative integers within the context of money. The study was conducted in two schools in Ankara with one hundred and thirty-eight students. In order to collect data, statements related to ordering integers dealing with a nonmathematical and a mathematical statement explaining ordering two negative integers in money context were given to the students. In this statement, students were asked to find out whether they agree the given statements in general. The following questions were used: "(1) Because the person who has 5 lira debts is happier than the person who has 10 lira debt, -10 is less than -5." and "(2) Because when we have 5 liras debt, we have more money rather than the situation that we have 10 liras debt; -10 is less than -5." An open-ended question 'Why do you think so?' was asked to further elaborate their reason of agreement. The findings of the study showed that fifty-one percent of and forty-two percent of middle-grade students agree on the sentences given to them. However, their interpretations of the agreement had a potential for misinterpretation of mathematical concepts while transferring them into real-life contexts. Findings of the study revealed the importance of the need to use real-life situations in classroom teaching with caution. Further research could be conducted with in-depth interviews to question why middle-grade students think in that way supported with varied real-life contexts.
Keywords: middle grade students, ordering integers, relational thinking

Ministry of National Education
STEM is an innovative educational approach consisting of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. STEM education has been described by many researchers as one of the most striking educational movements in recent years. Stem emphasizing the three main titles (problem solving, innovation and design) that have an important place in the agenda of the countries, STEM has a strategic pre-emption so that the countries can have an international rekord vocabulary. The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of university students towards STEM education according to various variables. In this context, quantitative research has been used. Data of the study were collected by "STEM Attitude Scale". Descriptive statistical values such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used in the analysis of the data, independent samples t-test.

Selahattin Alan Selcuk University
Yasemin Bertiz Istanbul Esenyurt University Web 2.0 was first introduced by O'Reilly Media in 2004 and describes a secondgeneration web-based service, in other words, a system in which Internet users share and create. Web 2.0 technologies based on the participation of users are created with the contributions of users and their contents are improved through the cooperation and sharing between users. This sharing and business association provides interaction and content dynamism among people. Web 2.0 tools allow users to comment and share ideas in this way. Technologies and social software tools based on Web 2.0 are: Social networking sites, blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, instant messaging, podcasts and videocasts etc... The purpose of this research is to provide information on various web 2.0 tools used in educational environments. In this context, various web 2.0 tools including Classdojo, Plickers, Kahoot, Prezi, and Kizoa have been examined in detail.

Bekir Can Lütfüoğlu Akdeniz University
In this work we compare the famous Woods-Saxon potential energy with its generalized form that has extra terms to describe surface interactions. Analytical bound state solutions of Schrodinger and Klein-Gordon equations are used to discuss the comparison via the thermodynamic functions such as entropy, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy and the specific heat. More precisely, arbitrary parameters are assigned for a nucleon that is confined in the well in order to obtain the energy spectra of both cases in both equations. By using the canonical partition in statistical mechanics, the effects of the surface interactions to the thermodynamic functions are discussed. The results are very interesting. The change of the structure of the well modifies the energy spectra as expected. We conclude instead of the Woods-Saxon potential, the generalized Woods-Saxon potential is a better candidate potential energy to describe the physical processes. Note that this work is done in one dimension.

Fatih Bozbayindir Gaziantep University
In March 2011, it is time to try to recreate the conditions and conditions of the interest rate increase. One of them is education. In order to meet this need, Syrian students under protection began to be enrolled in Turkish schools starting from the 2016-2017 academic year. The integration of the Syrian students into the Turkish education system has important tasks and responsibilities for the teachers. In this study, it was aimed to identify the problems faced by the teachers who have Syrian students in their class and present solutions to these problems in the direction of the teachers' views. This study is a case study of qualitative research patterns. As a result of the research, the problems that the teachers lived in the classroom; communication, reading comprehension, violent behavior, and compliance. If teachers have problems outside the classroom, that is, they live in school; violence and fighting tendencies are the problem of socialization and grouping. The problems experienced by teachers with the Syrians are respectively; communication, education and teaching support at home, indifference and economic support.

Fatih Bozbayindir Gaziantep University
In recent years, school violence has become more frequent and much talked about. Violence in schools is one of the important issues that affect administrators and teachers' time and energy as well as negatively affecting the education and training process in the school. School cultures, violence that affects their climate and image adversely affect the school's unwanted behaviors, and it is unfortunately not enough discipline and sanctions. Identifying the sources that trigger and cause violence in schools will contribute to the process of taking measures to reduce incidents of violence. For this purpose, violence incidents were tried to be explained by variables such as school type, place of occurrence, person applying violence, person exposed to violence, gender, outcome and number of participants. In the survey, 10 newspapers with the highest circulation in the months covering the education and training period of 2016-2017 were determined at the national level. The violence in the school was detected by examining the archives of the newspapers in the electronic environment. As a result of the research, violence incidents were found to be mostly in high school and middle school. The most violent victim is the teacher and the victim is the student. Violent school violence cases are also exposed to the most male teachers and students. The research has reached the conclusion that the majority of cases of violence have been individualized and resulted in a criminal complaint to the prosecutor's office.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Aida Spahiu Polytechnic University of Albania
The rapid developments of society in all areas, their reconciliation with each other in a scale that did not exist before, increasing the degree of integration, adding new knowledge exponentially, have increased the need to find new ways to make learning process more attractive, in full compliance with practice, in order to create concepts and skills that will allow the students to get orientated towards the labor market. Nowadays, different school subjects cannot be taught separately from each other. Topics should be comprehensive and treated in a way in order to complete the requirements to achieve the objectives. In the area of electrical engineering the newest model engine BLDC [Brush Less Direct Current Motor] has been taught by integrating designing, electronics, microcontrollers and by different methods of automatic control. Through complex assignments and projects, the intertwining of knowledge in different fields is achieved, leading to the increase of teamwork skills, in order for the students to view it in a more critical way. The lesson is focused in the role that this engine plays in environmental protection, which is analyzed in different ways like effectively managing the usage of different resources while constructing it, in the absence of harsh sounds and frequencies, and in a higher efficiency. In other words, using less energy to complete the task. This complies well with the flexibility and adaption concept that this engine possesses and helps in problem solving. The assimilation of knowledge, is shown with higher results in understanding and achieving different concepts and requirements.
Keywords: education, comprehensive topics, electrical engineering, bldc motor

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

University of Mosul
This work is concerned with studying the adsorption of a number of azo dyes on commercial activated carbon. The dyes were synthesized by considering the resorcinol as constant part in their structure which is reacted with a number of para substituted aniline viadizonium ions and used as adsorbate for achieving this study. These dyes were identified by a number of physical tests and the available spectroscopic methods. Three models of adsorption isotherms namely, Freundlich, Langmuir, and Tempken are applied to fit the experimented data of adsorption at equilibrium in the range of concentration (1*10 -4 -5*10 -4 ) M at various temperatures (292-328) K. The results showed that, the Freundlich isotherm is better fitted to the experimental data of the studied systems, although Langmuir isotherm exhibited good fit. This work included performing thermodynamic, depending on calculating the equilibrium constants by different methods, which represented by Freundlich constant K f , Langmuir constant (K L ) and finally is described by Tempkin constant (T K ). The results showed good consistency among the four sets of functions in terms of their values and physical meaning. This consistency gives good indication for the accuracy of such kind of calculation.

Regab Buker Mosul University
Chemical composition, physical properties and structural characterization of local natural clays which have been collected from Aski Mosul village, area around Mosul city/ Iraq, were studied. The study approach is based on using x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, instrumental and classical chemical analysis techniques. Chemical composition studies of the natural sample clearly indicating the presence of large amounts of silica and calcium oxide in addition to aluminum oxide and other minor oxides. Moreover, it is shown that such sample yields (5%) amorphous silica on treating with a basic medium. The results were compared with those obtained from acidicaly treated and chromium oxide doped clay samples. On comparison the physical properties (e.g density, porosity, water absorption, pore size, and capillary action), it seems that the treated clay sample has low density and high porosity and permeability. Moreover, the doped samples are more dens than others. Such variation because of the elimination of carbonate compounds on treating and doping processes. Four samples were prepared in order to be more active and selective adsorbent materials. Soxhlate fractionating techniques were set for all the above types of adsorbents using four eluants gradually increased in polarity. The fractionation results showed significant variations in the fractions isolated according to their polarities as indicated by percentage results.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Nesrin Özsoy Adnan Menderes University
In this study, the purpose was to examine the attitudes of class teachers towards mathematics classes in terms of professional seniority. The study was a descriptive study designed in the Literature Review Model. The sampling of the study consisted of 315 class teachers working in Artvin and Aydin. Questionnaires were used in the study conducted in 2015-2016 Academic Year as data collection tool. The dataset was analyzed in the SPSS 22.0 Package Program. It was determined that there is a significant relation between the duration of experience and educational level. When the educational levels of those who had 3 and lower years of experience were examined, it was determined that most of them had undergraduate education; while 60% of the group that had 31 and above experience were graduated from foundation-degree departments, and 40% were graduated from undergraduate levels. As a result of the Tukey Test, it was determined that the efforts spent on preparing class materials and the frequency of applying measurement process were lower in the group with an experience of at and above 31 years compared with the group with experience below 10 years. It was also determined that the frequency of giving assignments to students was lower in the group with experience at and above 31 years compared with the group with experience at and below 30 years. There is a significant relation between the duration of experience and education need. The participants with experience at and below 20 years and those with at and above 31 years stated that they used technology in classes; while, those with experience between 21-30 years stated that there was no need for education.

Note:
This study was supported with the scientific research project with the number of 2015.S30.02.02 by Artvin Coruh University.

Sezen Balaban Uludağ University
Teaching listening in EFL contexts has been considerably put into the background. However, this language skill forms the basis for a further understanding of the language in addition to an excelsior oral production. To this end, miscellaneous research studies have been made so as to explore the effectuality of various EFL listening strategies (Vandergrift, 2002). At this juncture, note-taking as a whilelistening strategy was anticipated as a potential utility to teach EFL listening throughout this research study. In this manner, note-taking was practiced and applied by EFL learners at preparatory classes at a state university in Turkey. Sixty participants at pre-intermediate level were provided with nine treatment sessions during which they were trained to take notes while listening -specifically with the help of graphic organizers (GO). The answers to these research questions were sought in particular: 1) In which note-taking session did learners obtain better scores? 2) What are learners' views and perceptions about each of the nine notetaking session and each graphic organizer? 3) What are learners' general views and perceptions about the use of note-taking while listening? Data obtained from learners were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings constitutively exerted data by learners which signify their views on both listening and note-taking, additionally the results of each listening comprehension session.

Sezen Balaban Uludağ University
Foreign language learners at language classes experience a variety of adversities while trying to comprehend what they hear in the target language (Smidt, 2004). They face this entanglement not only trying to penetrate their lectures, but also during any communication they have outside the class. Despite this arduousness, listening is an essential skill which ameliorates the other three skills (Barker, 1971). This skill could be defined as the fundamental means through which learners have contact with the target language (Curtain & Pesola, 1988). However, several elements such as the speaker, context, speech rate and visuals have a significant effect on learners' listening comprehension performance (Dozer, 1997). In other words, progress in various applications which could be generated by the language teacher is required. To this end, a wide range of activities, strategies, techniques and materials have been generated so far; and this research study took a similar step so as to raise awareness on learners about their own listening process and carry their listening comprehension performance further. This aim was generated through the application of shadowing as a while-listening strategy. Participants were 48 beginner level university students at the first grade and had no English language instruction before. A shadowing treatment of four sessions was applied during listening classes which specifically comprised full shadowing and silent shadowing subtypes. Learners' level of listening anxiety before and after the treatment, additionally their listening comprehension scores were identified by means of this study. Furthermore, learners' perception and interest in listening comprehension demonstrated significant findings.

Sadri Alija South East University
In this paper we deal with the factors which are related to student satisfaction concerning their needs, satisfaction of learning outcomes and motivation factors. The analyses show that the academic quality of teaching is very important factor of the student satisfaction. Except the quality of teaching methods, one can conclude that the social climate, social conditions offered from the University should be taken into the consideration as very important factor of their motivation for study. We analyse the relationship between student satisfaction factors with student performance and student persistence. We examined how the variables as personality, cognitive and achievement-related variables (academic achievement), as well as various motivational constructs were associated with different forms of satisfaction (satisfaction with study program, satisfaction with the conditions of the academic program, satisfaction with the environment, satisfaction with the stress factors, etc.). The research involved both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The results are obtained from a survey realized with students of the SEE-University in. The results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Keywords: student satisfaction, satisfaction with academic studies, teacher quality, achievement, motivation, university environment

Vahide Nilay Kırtak Ad Balıkesir University
Mustafa Sabri Kocakülah Balıkesir University The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the full studio model in which active learning techniques are used on the conceptual understandings of teacher candidates about the concept of "Bernoulli's principle". The sample for this study consisted of 53 teacher candidates who were enrolled in Science Teaching Program of Necatibey Education Faculty at Balıkesir University in the academic year of 2015-2016. In this study, single group pre-test post-test weak experimental design in which two open-ended questions were used to reveal pre-service teacher candidates' ideas about Bernoulli's principle. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 prospective teachers so that the answers could be examined in depth. In the light of the findings, it was found that pre-service teacher candidates had no idea about the Bernoulli principle and types of pressure before the instruction. Scientifically acceptable response rates of prospective teachers increased from 7.55% (N = 4) to 69.81% (N = 37) in the first question and from 1.88% (N = 1) to 77.36% (N = 41) in the second question after teaching. Interview data also show that most of the misconceptions encountered before the instruction were replaced with its scientifically acceptable explanations after the teaching.

Merve Savaşçı Sakarya University
The aim of this study is to determine the level of prospective teachers regarding no mobile phone (nomo) phobia and fear of missing out (FOMO), and to reveal their metaphorical perceptions of these concepts. For this reason, the main goal of this study is "to test new ideas" which is also revealed by Newman et al. (2003;cited by Gokcek, 2014) since both the nomophobia and FOMO concepts are new terms that have yet to be examined in Turkish literature. This research is designed with simultaneous transformational mixed method model. The sample of the study constitutes the participants who are determined by the simultaneously mixed pattern sampling method among the prospective teachers who study at Trakya University Faculty of Education in 2016-2017 academic year. For data collecting process, quantitative data are collected through Nomophobia and FOMO scales; on the other hand, qualitative data are gathered through the open-ended questionnaire developed by researchers in order to reveal metaphorical perceptions of the related concepts. Within the scope of this study, the similarities and differences of the nomophobia and FOMO concepts, which are seen as overlapping in the literature, are presented in the light of the findings.

Süleyman Sözen Anadolu University
Occupational groups, including policing, seek to establish themselves as professions in order to gain professional status. One of the main characteristics of a profession is to develop a body of knowledge through academic education. Although it has long been debated whether the police is a profession or not, there has been a continuing quest for professionalism within the police. In recent years, there have been significant changes in the English police in relation to police education and training. One of them is the proliferation of police-university partnerships. The creation of the Centre for Policing Research and Learning (CPRL) between the Open University and police forces constitutes a good example. At the Centre, the police and academics jointly provide wide-ranging programme of activities involving research, education and knowledge exchange. Another major development is the establishment of College of Policing in 2012 as the professional body for the police service in England. With this new institution, the relationship between the police and academia have become more formalized. As a result, the number of university-based policing programs increased. Today, many universities offer courses in policing studies at different levels. The main aim of these initiatives is to strengthen the professional foundations of policing. The main purpose of this study is to explain recent developments in partnerships between police and universities. Particular attention will be paid to the role of universities in the professionalization of the police in the case of England. Following this, a general assessment will be made for Turkey.
Keywords: police education, professionalism, police-university partnerships

Mustafa Lutfi Ciddi Necmettin Erbakan University
Art education has a very important place in the general education system. Given the history of education of civilized nations, the importance of art education is obvious. For this reason, we have to develop our art education by putting it in the center of our education system. While examining the bases of art education, it cannot be considered as independent of the history of civilization. It is known that civilizations of societies are developed in parallel with the art history of societies although different meanings and roles are imposed in different periods. Harbiye Mektebi which has an important place in the development of Turkish painting art is one of our leading institutions where art education is given first. Today, our art education, which is developing continuously before and after the Republic, is institutionalized and based on solid foundations together with some deficiencies in practice. Through this research, information about the development process of art education in our country is presented which.

International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES)
April 28 -May 1, 2018, Marmaris, Turkey

Omer Tayfur Ozturk Necmettin Erbakan University
When we look at the history of painting called the canonical painting, it goes back to the Renaissance period in the 15th century. The choice of materials used for such old and priceless works of art should be very attentive and careful. After all, in the works produced today, after a while, it will become a historic commodity. After the production stage, a certain process will be required to clean and repair the works. When the stages of restoration of the painting art are examined, the painting layers are handled one by one. These are four pieces: the chassis, the preparation layer, the paint layer and the varnish layer, respectively. The varnish is the layer that protects these bottom layers and has the most deformation. It can be called as a plate which needs to be cleaned and renewed in certain periods. In order to achieve resilient stabilization, it is necessary to select the highest quality material which is resistant to weather conditions and against the harmful effects of sunlight considering the technological developments. Oil paintings, which are made with acrylic paint and varnish types which can be used in mixed technical drawings made by using both have been researched. The strengths and recycling of the varnishes, i.e. their cleanability and reusability, will be examined. In line with these requirements, the materials that could be found on the market are investigated. In this study, the quality and importance of protective varnish layer will be mentioned in terms of contributing to protection and restoration work in transferring painting to future generations.
Keywords: protective varnish, protection and restoration work