Abstract: ABSTRACT This research includes study of the effects of general anesthesia on lipid peroxide formation and some antioxidant system in serum of patients with appendix surgery. Forty seven patients under general anesthesia with age range of 15-45 years living in Mosul city were selected. The level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced form of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid, albumin and ceruloplasmin were measured. The results showed a significant increased in MDA level (as an index of lipid peroxidation) in patients under pentothal anesthesia in comparison with preoperative samples. On the other hand, patients under general anesthesia had decreased GSH concentration, SOD activity, uric acid, albumin and ceruloplasmin concentration when compared with preoperative samples.

Abstract: ABSTRACT A guide by the idea that the rate of SN2 substitution reactions are highly affected by the charge of the atoms at or near to the reaction center together and the bond length between carbon atom and the leaving group. Also the total strain energy of reacting molecules has great effects on the reaction rate. The present work employed high level ab nitio calculation (RHF/3-21G) in order to calculate the above parameters for a set of fifteen bromoalkyl amines undergoing. SN2 replacement reaction of the bromide ion by hydrogen thiosulphate ion in acidic medium. The results of these calculations showed that the alkyl substituent at the amino group has pronounce effects on the charge value at the atoms of the molecules at or near the reaction center. On the other hand, the total strain energy of the molecules increases, as the bulkiness of the N-substituents and chain length of alkyl amine increase which prove that these theoretical calculations are in accordance with the well known chemical principle. A simple correlation of the above parameters with experimental values of the rate constant for the substitution reactions at pH equal to 4.9 showed a good relation with charge at the carbon atom attached to the leaving group as well as the charge at the leaving group. While the C-Br bond length and total strain energy showed no significant effects on the reaction.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The neurobehavioral effects of continuous dosing (as food additive) with potassium nitrate were assessed in albino rats. The rats were divided into the five groups, the control group have been fed in a concentrated forage (Barley, wheat, soybean, corn, wheatbrane) where as the treatment groups were fed with the same concentrated forage with the addition of potassium nitrate in different percentages (second group added 0.1%, 3rd group added 0.1% with 0.2%ascorbic acid as antidote, 4th group added 0.2%, 5th group added 0.2%with0.4%ascorbic acid as antidote) respectively for 5 weeks. Potassium nitrate did not produce overt signs of toxicosis but significantly decreased the open-field activity and also decreased the number of rearing during the open-field activity test, they reached to minimum level at the 4th week of treatment were reported, these decrease were followed gradual elevation to reach that values of the control group level at the end of study period. Potassium nitrate significant delayed the negative geotaxis at 45° angle and retain to reach the control level in 5th week in .The treated rats also suffered from a gradual increase in the body weight in comparison with pretreatment values, where as there was no effective significant the number of fecal boluses and swimming endurance. In this study the ascorbic acid (as antidote) in group 5 (0.4% with 0.2% potassium nitrate) differed significantly with group 4 (0.2% potassium nitrate only) that means the ascorbic acid give good result when it used for treatment of nitrate poisoning in animals. The results support the notion that in the absence of overt signs of toxicosis, neurobehavioral tests could be used to detect adverse behavioral changes induced by potassium nitrate.

Abstract: Abstract Photoinitiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been observed using cw-CO2 laser radiation of (10.6 µm). Both of DSC and TGA thermal analysis techniques were used for identification of the thermal characteristics (Tg, Tc, and Tm) as well as the thermal stability of the laser photoinitiated PMMA and they compared with that corresponding to classical, conventionally initiated PMMA. In cw-CO2 laser radiation, each of powers (10, 15, and 20W) was used. Although a definite increase in Tg value and thermal stability were observed while power are (10W,15W and 20W), the polymerization pattern remained basically the same in all these cases. Multi-Photon absorption reaction phenomenon was attributed to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between the CO2 laser light and MMA monomer molecule.

Abstract: Abstract : Chemical method has been used to prepare cadmium sulphide films by using cadmium chloride (CdCl), Amonia (NH3) and thiourea (CSNH2). The effect of the temperature of preparing solution over the range of (40-80oC) have been studied, it show that increasing of the solution temperature will increase the reaction speed and change the film color to more orange side. The optical properties over the wavelength range (400- 700)nm were recorded before and after annealing of prepared film at 300oC for 30 mint, so the calculated energy gap was about (2ev).

Abstract: Abstract : In this work, static and dynamical chracteristics of SCR(BT51) thyrister have been studied.In relate to static chracteristics, I-V relationship of this device has been illustrated at different temperatures as well as determination of threshold voltage values (Vth) ,studing it's variation as a function of temperature and the result obtaining from this study that the (Vth) is nonlinearly increasing with temperature increasing, this gives the fact that the device senstive to temperature variation.Also, the relationship between both of the conductance and the parameter with anode-cathode voltage variation have been explained.

Abstract: Abstract A theoretical analysis of the optical feedback from external reflector influence on the Frequency response of GaAs/Al0.45Ga0.55As triple quantum well Quantum Cascade Laser emitting at (l=9 mm) is presented. The employed theoretical model was based on Schrodinger equation. To demonstrate the effects of external cavity, many of the external cavity parameters were controlled such as the length of the external cavity, the proportion of optical feedback and the relative phase difference.

Abstract: Abstract Lattice thermal conductivity for silicon nanowires and quantum well are theoretically investigated in the temperature range from 2K to 300K. The modified Gallaway method for bulk crystal is used for calculating lattice thermal conductivity. All important phonon relaxation mechanism such as Umklapp scattering, Mass-difference scattering and boundary scattering are calculated at 300K. The result show that the modification of the acoustic phonon modes and phonon group velocities due to spatial confinement of phonons lead to significant increase in the all phonon relaxation rate. From our numerical results, we predicate a significant decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity in cylindrical nanowires with diameter (D=10-nm), and quantum well with thickness of the same size, results compared to that of the reported experimental as well as theoretical values.

Abstract: ABSTRACT In this paper we find the nearest complete(n,r)-arcs of the maximum value for mr(2,29)-arc when . Also, we find the nearest minimum size of complete tr(2,29)-arcs when ,as well as we set some open questions concerning for non-existence of complete (n,r)-arcs. All this done by a computer program, noteworthy that there is no results published till now when for mr(2,29) and there are no results published till now for tr(2,29) when in PG(2,29) (according to the knowledge of the authors).

Abstract: ABSTRACT This research included a clinical study of cytidine deaminase activity in serum, which included of seven types of cancer patients involve larynx, lung, renal, bladder, sarcoma, prostate and seminomia and Thalassemia patients as well as, diabetes patients. The result showed through (115) cases of cancer patients an increase with a significant difference (P<0.0001) of activity enzyme compared with (50) of healthy control, alsow to be found increase for enzyme activity in (50) cases of thalassemia patients by significant difference (P<0.05) compared with healthy control, while to exist decrease by significant difference (P<0.001) in (70) cases of diabetes patients for two types of disease diabetes (Insulline dependent and non insulline dependent) compared with control. In addition to study of influence age and sex for healthy and patients on cytidine deaminase activity, that to find out decrease significant in advanced in years of healthy control, where as an increase activity of enzyme in males of patients larynx and lung cancer.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to delect the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts obtioned eight spiecies of plants on the growth and development of ovaries in mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal. This study included the treatment of the third larvae stage of the aforementioned with four different concentrations (160, 120, 80, 40) ppm of aqueous extracts and other four concentrations (3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5) ppm of alcoholic extracts. these extracts were obtaiened from the leaves of Myrtus communis L. leaves of Ficus carica, leaves and inflourescences of Mentha piperrita and Ocimum basilicum, fruits of Rhus coriaria L., seeds of Nigella sativa, aerial parts of Hypericum crispum and leaves of Melia azedarach L., the length and width of ovarian folliecles were measured in the females obtained from the aforementioned trated larvae. The measurement were carried at adult eclosion and at12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after eclosion. The results of present study, in general, revealed that the best inhibition of the length of ovary took place when larvae were trated with fruits of R. coriaria extracts, where as the extracts of the N. sativa grave the best inhibition of width of ovary. this also showed that the best inhibition of the length of the follicles was when larvae were trated with the extracts of H. crispum, where as, the best inhibition of the width of ovarian follicles took place when larvae were trate with extracts of N. sativa. The result of this study also revealed that the alcololic extracts showed their superoity of inhibition, effect on that of aqueous extracts.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The study tested the effect of the lipopolysaccharide, which was extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae, on immune response of BALB/c mice infected with secondary hydatid disease caused by experimental infection with Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. The immunopathological changes accompanied with secondary hydatid disease in mice treated with LPS were followed in comparison with the positive and negative control group along 3-5 months period of the experiments. Criteria taken into consideration included the changes in the total and differential count of WBCs, and non-specific (innate) immune response, expressed by the change in the phagocytic index. Results of the present study revealed an increase in the means of total and differential count of WBCs, expressed by increase in the number of lymphocytes accompanied by a decrease in number of monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils in treated mice. An increase in the nonspecific immune responses is represented by increase in the mean of phagocytic index. Therefore, it may be concluded that the lipopolysaccharide extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae can be used as a non-toxic stimulator of non-specific immunity against infection with secondary hydatid disease.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The present study included isolation of Giardia lamblia from stools of patients then inoculation of giardiasis in the rat, Rattus rattus norvegicus. The induction was of two forms: parasites radiated and unradiated aiming to throaw a light on the effect of gamma radiation on virulence of infection, duration of resistance, and a period of existence in the host. The criteria which were used in this study are the mean of the production of cysts, reduction of host weight, and effect of infection on histological changes of the intestine via villi /crypts ratio. The cysts of G. lamblia were irradiated with Gamma rays in a dose 0.1122 × 10-3 ml rad/ hr and 1.5624 ×10-3 ml rad/hr for 2 and 24 hours respectively. A comparison was made between results of radiated and a unradiated G. lamblia ccysts after oral administration of dose 2 ×104 cyst/ml. The results revealed that radiation reduced the duration of resistance and existence of the parasites in the host body - The radiation reduced the resistance duration and existence of the parasite in host body, and reduce the production of cysts in highly significant level. - Radiation did not reduce reduction the weight of the host infested with radiated parasites. - Reduction in villi/crypts ratio is less animals infected with radiated parasites than those of unradiated ones.

Abstract: Abstract The antagonistic ability tests of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride against pathogenic fungi, indicated a high inhibiting effect on the growth of two isolates of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani with modrate degree of antagonism and weak with Macrophomina phasealina. The effect of the fungal polysaccharide produced by Alternaria alternata on the radial growth of pathogenic fungi and the biocontrol agent showed that the relatively high concentrations (i.e. 4 and 5 gm/l) reduced their growth slightly, but stimulated the development of spores of Trichioderma viride simultaneously and increased their numbers. Seed treatment with spore suspension of T. viride cause significant reduction in infection percentage and disease severity of both pre and post emergence seedlings damping-off, and led to an increase in seedling length and dry weight of the seedlings in pot experiments. The addition of adhesive material (i.e. Fungal polysaccharide or gum Arabic) to the seeds increased the reduction in infection percentage and degree of severity of the disease, and also increased length and dry weight of the seedling. The microbial polysaccharide was better than gum arabic in controlling the disease, although no significant differences were noticed between them. Moreover, it improved growth characters of the plants.

Abstract: ABSTRACT This study is aimed to make a comparison between three artificial neural networks, these networks differ from each other in architecture and the method of adaptive the weights. In this research four ANN are used to recognized English number, these ANN are Adaline, Backpropagation, Hopfield, and Kohen ANN. By doing the comparison, we found that, the ability of a network differentiation does not depend on the complexity of the network architecture, the training algorithm or the number of layers, but it depends on the learning rule and increase in the number of the patterns that are used to train the network.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The effect of aqueous extract of Olea europea L. leaves was studied in four sublethal conce.i.e., 0.025, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% on the larvae ovaries of insect Culex pipiens molestus Forskal. These larvae were of third instars concluding four stages of age viz., 24, 48, 72, and 96 h., after there emergence. Findings of the study revealed various abnormalities including reduced size of vestigial ovaries in the advanced stages. However, such reduction in the ovaries was less than those occurred at the early stages i.e., 24 h pre-emergence. Other deformities involved irregular distribution of yolk or vitelline granules within the oocytes, huge inhibition of granule formation or their deposition, an extreme decrease in the number of ovarioles, ovarian follicles and egg production. All concentration. In both stages 24 and 48 post-emergence showed inhibition in the length and width of the ovaries with their follicles having decreased number of ovarian follicles. All conc. In stage 72 h post-hatching caused significant inhibition in the characteristics investigated, however, 0.25 % concentration. caused the effective inhibition in the length of ovary and width of ovarian follicles. Regarding to the last stage i.e. 96 h post-emergence, it was found that all concentration. followed were inhibitory for length and width of ovary and length of ovarian follicles, however, the most effective inhibition was observed at 0.5 and 1 % concentration. concering the width of ovarian follicles, there were no inhibition of all different concentration. used as compared with control specimens.

Abstract: Abstract: The properties of the yrast levels of 78-82Sr even-even isotopes have been studied. The method of gamma energy over spin (E-GOS) has been used to analyze the energy levels of these isotopes which shows that the two isotopes 78 Sr and 80Sr lie in the γ-unstable, O(6), limit, but 82Sr isotope lies in the transition region (SU(5)→SU(3)). The interacting boson model IBM-1 has been used to calculate the energy levels for these three isotopes each for the limit it lies and a comparision with the experimental data is done and shows a good agreement. The backbending in the energy levels for 80Sr and 82Sr are observed but not for 78Sr.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The rates of bulk etching (VB) and track etching (VT) are considered an important parameters in identifying the track profiles and its growing rate. So, this paper aims at determining an empirical relation for the bulk etch rate of CR-39 (250 µm) with etching time and - irradiation dose. A number of CR-39 detector pieces were exposed to different doses of exposure times (9-30) hrs with 3 hrs step of increasing. A KOH solution of concentration 25% and temperature (70 1)OC was used in chemical etching of the exposed and the standard pieces of the detector which have showed increasing of VB with -doses that exposed to. A fitting process of VB curves was carried out with different exposure times for used etching times, and it was found that the polynomial form is the appropriate one to estimate the constants of the suggested empirical equation for VB as it is related to the etching and -exposure time. However, the results of the suggested equation of VB have showed a good agreement with the experiment ones under the considered conditions.

Abstract: ABSTRACT: Highly transparent ZnO thin films were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on glass substrates at various substrate temperatures and sample positions inside the deposition chamber. The optical properties of the films were investigated. Optimized ZnO films have an average transmission in the visible range is about 90% at substrate temperature 500 ºC and the optical energy gap is 3.2 eV. It was also found that the best position of the films inside the chamber is about 16 cm from the inlet side of the gases.

Abstract: Abstract : In this paper we concerned with two dimensional flow for incompressible thin liquid film on a solid surface which is inclined by an inclination angle  under the action of gravity force. We apply the momentum equations (Navier- Stokes) and the conservation of mass equation (continuity equation) with specified boundary conditions to obtain to equation that governs such flow, we use the numerical methods to find the thickness of the thin film.

Abstract: Abstract In this paper we consider parameter estimation in a linear regression setting with inequality linear constraints on the regression parameters. Most other research on this topic has typically been addressed from a Bayesian perspective. In this paper we apply Bayesian approach with Gibbs sampler to generate samples from the posterior distribution. However, these implementations can often exhibit poor mixing and slow convergence. This paper overcomes these limitations with a new implementation of the Gibbs sampler. In addition, this procedure allows for the number of constraints to exceed the parameter dimension and is able to cope with equality linear constraints.

Abstract: ABSTRACT some variables may have nominal or ordinal scale, this causes a failure of analyzing the Pearson's correlation matrix by factor analysis. However, it was suggested to replace the elements of the correlation matrix by correlation coefficients which should be calculated according to the scales of the two correlated variables. The suggested correlation matrix might become an indefinite matrix which can not be analyzed by factor analysis, so the suggested methods were established to eduction a positive definite matrix or positive semi-definite matrix.

Abstract: Abstract In this research it has been using template matching to images recognition, after saving some templates for images as like geometrical shapes English characters and numbers and then input the template which is to be recognized after normalizing it to template size if not equal size templates saved inside machine to recognizing pixel by pixel for binary and gray images. This method given good results, as well used template matching depend on correlation to recognition and this method has given best and strong recognizing.

Abstract: Abstract The research aims to diagnosis the postoperative period of the patient.ın which an ıntegral database designed to contain personal ınformation, clinical checkup and examine the patient case after the surgery based on some properties (symptoms), which ıs regarded as ınputs of the database and results of three classification as outputs (patient prepared to go home, be sent to general hospital,be sent to the ıntensive care unit), by using neural network as classification algorithm connected with data mining algorithm (one rule) to reach the perfect classification through decreasing the properties of the original data and have one property sufficient to design a complete model,this system ıs programmed by using visual basic version 6 connected to database through microsoft access.