Abstract: The aime of this paper is to investigate the impact of annealing on track growth  rate (dL/dt), which is calculated using the track length measurement method. A 600 micro meter-thick CR-39 detector, divided into four samples (1 x 1 cm2), was  vertically irradiated by alpha particles with 2.6 MeV from a 241Am source which have max energy 5.48 MeV . The three samples were annealed at 100–140oC  by type 20o C  using oven Memmert U4079142. All samples were etched in a 6.25 N NaOH solution at 70±1 oC in a Memmert W200 water bath, the periodic etching time was 0.5 hours to 6  hours. The etched image was captured using a camera (MADC_5A) attached to a microscope (XSZ-H Series Biological Microscope). The bulk etch rate and diameters increase with increasing annealing temperatures. The new method used in this paper to calculate the experimental track length is based on the relation between track length and track diameter obtained from track-test software.

Abstract: This work aims to present a numerical method for solving Fredholm integro-differential equations (FIDE). This work discusses the use of a fourth and sixth-order compact finite difference method (CFDM) based on composite Boole’s rule to solve FIDE. The accuracy of the suggested schemes is computed through and norms and the efficiency of the approach is assessed through short CPU-time values. An important factor of the proposed methods is leading to a reduction in the computational cost of the schemes. This is a significant improvement over traditional methods, which often struggle to maintain high accuracy levels. The presented methods are shown to be the fourth and sixth order in space. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the performance of the suggested methods. Overall, the proposed method is a significant step forward in the field of solving FIDE problems. It offers a robust and efficient numerical approach that can achieve high levels of accuracy where exact solutions are hard to obtain.

Abstract: Cancer is the second-largest cause of death worldwide, constitute about one out of every six deaths. Diagnostic techniques have been developed for the early detection to determine benign and malignant ones and conduct appropriate treatment of the condition, which has led to a reduction in the incidence of death. Tumors can be detected and diagnosed by radiograph, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, and to confirm the type of tumor definitively, a biopsy is taken from the tumor, processed, and fixed on glass slides under a microscope and accurately identified. The explosive growth of artificial intelligence (AI) over the past ten years is the approved basis for making accurate decisions for diagnosing the type of tumor by building smart software based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), Which easier for specialists the access early detection of the type of tumor quickly. In this study, A study of previous works has been done for pathological conditions - breast, colon, and lung - which are the most common types of cancers, the accuracy of the diagnosis was studied for the type of tumor, benign or malignant , by using histological images by collecting biopsies from patients' tissues (histopathology) and characterizing them using the most recent convolutional neural networks (CNN), and researchers had to apply transfer learning techniques because Lack of explanations of the data histopathological dataset high-quality WSI (whole slice image), by training the network using a large computer vision data set (IMAGENET),in order to obtain a high diagnosis accuracy.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of organic pollutants dissolved in water, which was extracted with normal hexane (HEM) on the physical properties of groundwater in the Azzab Al-Asfal district - Kirkuk, was studied, represented by viscosity, surface tension. And chemical properties: pH, basicity, acidity, chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, and chromium. The results showed that the organic pollutants are sourced from the oil wells in the (Bai Hassan) region of the North Oil Company. Oil spills and crude oil processing operations lead to contamination of groundwater in nearby areas with organic matter that has a direct impact on the physical and chemical properties of that water. As the viscosity and surface tension decreased as a result of the dissolution of some organic substances in the groundwater, these solutes acted as surface tension and viscosity reducers. Other chemical properties were also affected by human activities, as the alkalinity and acidity increased significantly while the pH remained within the medium limits. Concentrations of chlorides, chromium, and nutrients represented in nitrates and sulfates were also affected, as their levels rose beyond the normal values. The data were treated statistically using the (SPSS) software, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used as a function to find out the correlations and their size between HEM and other variables.

Abstract: This research includes the synthesis and characterization of twelve new complexes of mono nuclear xanthate for a number of transition metal ions Mn(II) , Fe(II) , Co(II) and through the interaction with ligand (decyl xanthate potassium) and complexes of formula [M(DEXANT)2] were formed , as : M= Mn(II) , Fe(II) , Co(II) and then the interaction of these complexes with Lewis bivalve bases , to give complexes with the formula [M(DEXANT)2 . L], where : L= 1,10-phenanthroline , 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2-Pipyridine. The prepared complexes were characterized by melting point , atomic absorption, micro elemental analysis , infrared , nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the proton , molar electrical conductivity , electronic absorption spectra and susceptibility measurements. Magnetic moment and electronic spectra indicated that the complexes of type [M(DEXANT)2] had a tetrahedral geometry, while complexes of type [M(DEXANT)2.L] had an octahedral geometry,The conductivity measurements proved the non-electrolytic behavior of all compounds .

Abstract: An indirect simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carvedilol (CAR), olanzapine (OLP) and domperidone maleate (DOM) in pure and pharmaceutical dosages. The method is based on the oxidation of CAR , OLP and DOM with known excess of potassium permanganate in hydrocholric acid medium and subsequent occupation of unreacted oxidant in bleaching of alkali blue 4B dye and measure the absorbance of residual dye at 594 nm. Calibration curves of residual alkali blue 4B dye in the presence of CAR or OLP and DOM were rectilinear over the ranges 1-12, 1-16 and 1-16 µg ml-1 with molar absorptivity of 4.04×104, 2.13×104 and 3.81×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for CAR, OLP and DOM respectively. The accuracy (Recovery percentage) was ranged between 99.77 and 100.34 and precision (RSD%) is less than 0.75%. The suggested method was successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in their dosage forms resulted in a good agreement with certified value, standard British pharmacopeia method and standard addition procedure.

Abstract: Abstract A simple spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous kinetic determination of Paracetamol (PAR) and Salicylamide (SAL) by applying the H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been developed. The method depends on the difference in the oxidation time of the two medicinal compounds by the ferric ion Fe(III) and the reaction of the resulting ferrous ion Fe(II) with 2,2’-bipyridyl reagent (BPY) reagent to form an orange complex that has a maximum absorption at 522 nm. PAR as analyte and SAL as interferent were determined in the mixture, Beer's law applies within concentrations 1-5 μg.mL-1 for PAR and 10-90 μg.mL-1 for SAL in their mixture, with weight ratios of 1:90 and 5:20 PAR: SAL, relative standard deviation range between1.04 and 2.4 and a recovery % ranging from 98.2%-102.1%, at the pair time t6-t16, indicating that the method is precise and accurate. It should be corrected as: The method is free from interferences due to the excipients present in pharmaceutical formulation The method is free from excipients present in pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed method was also successfully applied for the determination of PAR and SAL in pure forms and synthetic pharmaceutical preparation as Rinomicine.

Abstract: This research included a spectroscopic study of the effect of the pH function on the thermodynamics of the formation of the two colored Azo-dyes prepared from the interaction of paracetamol with two different diazotized reagents at three acidic media: acidic, neutral and basic, at a constant temperature (288K). The optimal conditions for each prepared Azo-dye were studied with meta-aminophenol and para-aminobenzoic acid, as well as the optimal ratios for its components, which were (1:1) for (Drug:Reagent).The stability constants of the two prepared Azo-dyes were found at the three pH and at the five temperatures (283, 293, 303, 313 and 323K). Then we studied the factors that affect the values of its stability constants, namely:Firstiy- The effect of the pH function: We found the stability constants for each of the Azo-dyes prepared at each pH and different temperatures, which are evidence for the preparation of stable Azo-dyes.Secondly- The effect of temperature: We calculated these stability constants at the aforementioned five temperatures, which allowed us to know that the reactions of formation of Azo-dyes are spontaneous and exothermic of negative values of (G and H) respectively, as well as a negative value of (∆S) that supports what has been mentioned previously.Thirdly- Effect of Structure: Finally, the structural formula of the diazotized reagent has an effect on the values of the stability constants for the formation of the prepared Azo-dyes, and this has been proven through the variation in the values of the stability constants.

Abstract: The main objective of this research is to present the relationship between the subject of coding theory and three-dimensional projection space in the eighth field. We found the points, lines, and planes of the Galois field of order 8 using algebraic equations. Then, we formed a projective matrix with a binary system of zero and one. We collect the elements of the Galois field of order 8 with the projective matrix. We have seven projective matrices, and we found the shortest distance between two different points of the matrices where the highest distance that we got is 585, and the shortest distance is 73. And we test the code. Hence the maximum value of code size on an eighth-order finite domain and an incidence matrix with parameters generated were, n (code length), d (minimum code), e (correction of error in the code). We test the code in coding theory as the code length is 581, the minimum code is 73 and error correction in the code is 36. We apply the coding theory to see if it is perfect or not perfect.

Abstract: In this research, a number of chemical compounds were estimated and identified in the crude extract of both E. helioscopia and E. peplus species, as it was noted that there were about twenty alkaloid compounds in them, and It was, also, noted that there were three alkaloid compounds present in the extract of both E. helioscopia and E. peplus species. E. peplus had the highest concentration of the alkaloids: Scopalamine, Colchicino and theobromine. Presence of the following alkaloids was observed in the Species E. helioscopia, namely; Metamfepramone, Phencyclidine, Tramadol, Caffeoylquinic, Each of following alkaloids; Benzfetamine, Di phenhydramine, Theobromine, MethaquaIone, CoIchicine, Atropine QuinoIine, Thebaine, Iupinine, Scopaiamine, Catechin, Noscapine, , were found in the crude extract of the type Euphorbia peplus . Results of the high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed changes in terms of their contents of phenolic compounds and their concentrations. Approximately 12 phenolic compounds were found, as the following compounds were found in Both types, but with different concentrations, including Pyrogallol, Gallic acid, Rutin, Kaempferol, Cinnamic, Catechol, Cinnamaldehyde, Qurctin, Eugnol, Lignan, Chlorogenic, 4-hydroxybenzoic.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a new model for the nonlocal reductions of the multi-component discrete Manakov system. In particular, the focusing solution is determined based on a special condition of the potential function. This study includes: solving the spectral problem and finding the eigenfunctions and the scattering data. The importance of our study lies in examining the conditions distinguishing the solution called a soliton. There are two cases of the potential functions: single and double excitations, if the Lax operator has no spectrum neither outside nor inside the unit circle then, there is no soliton solution, this happens with a single site case. On the other hand, the two-site case gives two soliton solutions. It is shown that the soliton is more likely to occur at the discrete eigenvalues outside or inside the unit circle, as the excitations are more than one. Each case introduced is supported by numerical simulations.

Abstract: The article talks about the increasing importance of the practical use of fuzzy differential equations in modeling complex problems in various fields, such as science and engineering, as these differential equations allow for obtaining accurate results for systems that suffer from uncertainty or incomplete knowledge. Fuzzy differential equations are a suitable alternative to ordinary differential equations if nullity and ambiguity are present in the problem. The article presents a new method for solving fuzzy differential equations using Seikkala derivative techniques, which is based on the numerical approach used in Sixth's Rang-Kutta method. A comprehensive analysis of errors is presented, and the method is applied to solve some linear and nonlinear Cauchy problems using MATLAB program to obtain accurate numerical results close to the exact solution. The article hopes that it will help enhance the reader's understanding of these modern techniques in solving fuzzy differential equations, and improve the ability to apply them in practical solutions.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of annealing on bulk etch rate (VB), which is calculated using the thickness measurement method. A 600- micro meter-thick CR-39 detector, divided into four samples (1 x 1 cm2), was vertically irradiated by alpha particles from a 241Am source at 2.6 MeV energy. The three samples were annealed at 100–140 C in 20 C increments using Memmert U4079142. All samples were etched in a 6.25 N NaOH solution at 701 C in a Memmert W200 water bath. The periodic etching time was 6 hours, every 0.5 hours. The etched image was captured using a camera (MADC_5A) attached to a microscope (XSZ-H Series Biological Microscope). The bulk etch rate and diameters increase with increasing annealing temperatures. The new method used in this paper to calculate the experimental track length is based on the relation between track length and track diameter obtained from track-test software.