Journal of Education and Science

Abstract
The compound (1) was synthesized by reacting 2-amino phenol with ethyl bromo acetate.The treatment of ethyl bromo acetate with compound (1) gave (2), While compound (3) was produced by reacting hydrazine hydrate with compound (2). Compound (3) was used as precursor to prepare (4-12) by reacting it with different chemical reagents. The reaction of (11) with thioglycolic acid, 3-chloro perbenzoic acid afforded (13,14) respectively, while compound (15) was prepared from the reaction of (12) with chloro acetyl chloride. The products were identified by physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods.

ABSTRACT
In this paper the synthesis of some 1,2,5- oxadiazino [2-3,b] quinazoline and some substituted 1,3- oxazole are reported, alanine and valine were reacted with benzoyle chloride in sodium hydroxide solution to give N- benzoyle alanine or valine (1,2), which was treated with thionyl chloride then with anthranilic acid to give 2-(N- benzoyle substituted methyl amine)-1,3- benzoxazine -4- one (3,4), the resultant substituted benzoxazine were converted to 2-(N- benzoyl substituted) – 3- hydroxyl quinazoline -4- one (5,6) by their reaction with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in abs. ethanol, and the resultant substituted quinazoline reacted with phosphorous pentachloride to obtain the 4- substituted -6- phenyl -1,2,5- oxadiazino [2-3,b] quinazoline (7,8), also reaction of 2-(N- benzoyl substituted methyl amine)-1,3- benzoxazine -4- one (3,4) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in pyridine afforded 4- substituted -6- phenyl – 1,2,5- oxadiazino [2-3,b] quinazoline (7,8).
Reaction of the N- benzoyle alanine or valine (1,2) with thionyl chloride in abs. ethanol to give N-benzoyl ethyl alanine or valine (9,10) and when treated the ester with phosphorous oxychlorid gave 1- phenyl-4- substituted -5- ethoxy -1,3- oxazole(11,12).
The structure of the synthesis compounds were confirmed by IR, UV. Spectra and physical means.

ABSTRACT
This clinical investigation was undertaken to compare the use of miswak or tooth brush to assess their ability to control plaque and gingival inflammation. In this clinical trail 60 subjects divided into two groups; each containing 30 persons matched in age and gender, 30 of them were instructed to use miswak while other 30 instructed to use tooth brush twice daily for 3 minutes after breakfast and before the bed time. The plaque and gingival indices were measured according to Silness and Löe for the six teeth at the base line and six months after use miswak in first group and second group.
The results of the study revealed that there is a significant reduction at p
Key Words: Miswak, Chewing Stick, Oral health.

INTRODUCTION
Miswak or chewing stick or Siwak

Abstract
Biodeterioration of paper and parchment in ancient books and documents represents a cause of great concern for libraries and archives all over the world. The degradation processes occurring in paper, typically occur over extended timescales (~20 to >200 years). The study of the mechanisms underlying the microbiological attack of historical materials has been widely practiced and still represents one of the main focuses of those institutions and laboratories that are involved in cultural heritage conservation.
A total of seventy historical manuscripts stored in different public and personal libraries were sampled for isolation and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria. The age of the manuscripts varied from 170-1030 years old. The characterization of the bacterial isolates was based on colony morphology, biochemical test and their ability to hydrolyze cellulose.
Fourty nine bacterial isolates including 46 gram positive rods and 3 gram positive cocci were purified for further characterization. Fourty six gram positive isolates were sporeformers belonging to the genus Bacillus. Iodine solution was used to detect cellulolytic activity on CMC agar.. Results have shown that 16% of the isolates were weak producers, 53% moderate, 21% high and 10% v. high producers.

Keywords: cellulolytic bacteria, historic documents,paper, deterioration.
Corresponding author E-mail: shababa_bahjat@yahoo.com

Abstract:
Mechanical properties of (LDPE-463)/Citrus Aurantium shell composite are assessed with respect to the effect of Citrus aurantium shell content varying from 2.5% to 50%. An obvious decrease in the mechanical parameters is recorded after adding Citrus aurantium shell of a high weight ratio. The mechanical properties of loaded film have been evaluated through several parameters concerning the elastic deformation based on measuring the load – elongation characteristics. The melt index is found to be increased up to 56.5 with increasing the filler concentration up to 50%, while the incorporation of the filler has adversely affected mechanical properties by reducing the tensile at yield and break, impact and elongation. This reduction is due to two reasons poor interaction between filler particles and LDPE chains and low molecular weight of the short molecular chains of the composite thus resulting in a lower tensile strength and elongation at yield and break and may be related to particles/matrix interface which depends on the properties of both the filler and the host polymer. Finally the filler contributes to reducing the cost due to the change made in melt index, viscosity and the reducing of LDPE in the composite matrix.

Abstract
In this research the effect of gamma rays had been studied on the reduced viscosity and intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant of polystyrene (PS) solution in the solvent benzene, by the determination of the average molecular weight of (PS) using Mark - Houwink – Sakurada equation depending on the values of intrinsic viscosity. The effect of temperature in the range (25-60)C on the reduced viscosity had been studied too. The results showed that (PS) undergoes crosslinking after irradiation in air with gamma rays emitted from source and

Abstract
The modification of lattice vibration based model used to predicate the dependence of melting temperature on the size and mean square displacement of the free standing gold spherical nanoparticle. The models predicate that the melting temperature decreases with the reduce of nanoparticles size due to the change of its lattice volume, calculated values of melting agree fairly well with the available experimental data

Abstract
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) plays a great role in high bit rate optical communication systems. This factor had been studied thoroughly in this article of optical layout simulation by (OptiSystem7.0). This simulation had revealed some interesting features of (PMD) relating its major parameters, i.e, (PMD coefficient(DPMD)), mean scattering section, and scattering section dispersion). An optimum values have found for the mentioned parameters were: DPMD= 2, mean scattering section=150, scattering section dispersion=110.
The opportunity to study the influence of PMD on high bit rate network can be of a substantial benefits to engineer the optical communication network.

ABSTRACT
Modified Goldstein or Wolfe conditions can be imposed on a hybrid line search to ensure the convergence property of an iterative nonlinear optimization algorithm to a stationary point. Modifying these conditions can make it significantly easier to find an acceptable step size. Our numerical results indicate that the new proposed line search beats the standard one ,for a selected nine test functions

Abstract
In this paper we have generalized the extended Dai-Yuan conjugate Gradient method by Considering the parameter in the denominator of as a convex combination. Three values of are computed in three different ways namely by assuming descent property, Pure Conjugacy and using Newton direction.
The descent property and global convergence for the proposed algorithms are established. Our numerical experiments on some standard test functions show that there are considerable improvement on other classical methods in this field.

Abstract
In this paper we suggested a new learning rate , which improves the classical Backpropagation algorithm (BP). The derivatation of are based on approximating the error function to the quadratic one in sufficiently small neighborhood for the optimal weight vector. The suggested algorithm (Spectral Backpropagation SBP say) is tested and the experimental results show that the SBP learning strategy improves the considered methods.

A simple, rapid and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination  of arginine and lysine was developed. The method is based on the proton transfer reaction of arginine and lysine with alizarin red sulphonate  in aqueous solution to form a violet coloured product which has maximum absorption at 530 nm. Beer’s law obeyed over the range (1-10),  (1-11) mg.ml^-1 for arginine and lysine respectively with a molar absorptivity 7830 l.mol^-1.cm^-1 for arginine and 5990 l.mol^-1.cm^-1 for lysine and accuracy (average recovery) 100.63% and precision (RSD) is less than 2.5%. The method has been applied for the determination of arginine in urine.

Abstract
Stability properties of implicit – explicit (IMEX) of linear multistep methods for ordinary differential equations are analyzed on the basis of stability regions defined by using scalar test equations. This study is closely related to the stability analysis of the standard linear multistep methods for ordinary differential equation.
In this paper we give two idea to extend the stability region for the second – order IMEX method, also have extended the region IMEX Euler method, the simplest IMEX method of first order, numerical results

ABSTRACT
In this study we investigate the existence and approximation of the periodic solutions for nonlinear system of differential equations of third order with boundary conditions.
The numerical-analytic method has been used to study the periodic solutions of the ordinary differential equations that were introduced by Samoilenko. Also these investigation lead us to the improving and extending the above method and the results of Butris.

Abstract
A simple, rapid and selective spectrophotometric method for the determination of arginine and lysine was developed. The method is based on the proton transfer reaction of arginine and lysine with alizarin red sulphonate in aqueous solution to form a violet coloured product which has maximum absorption at 530 nm. Beer’s law obeyed over the range (1-10), (1-11) g.ml-1 for arginine and lysine respectively with a molar absorptivity 7830 l.mol-1.cm-1 for arginine and 5990 l.mol-1.cm-1 for lysine and accuracy (average recovery) 100.63% and precision (RSD) is less than 2.5%. The method has been applied for the determination of arginine in urine.

ABSTRACT
This study was conducted under wire house condition to indicate the effect of soil pollution with different concentration of cadmium and lead upon peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaf tissues of sunflower and peas. The result obtained showed that the treatment of soil with cadmium with concentration (6,9) mg/kg of the soil and the lead (400,600,800) mg/kg of the soil lead to significant increase with the concentration of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaf tissues of sunflower and peas. Also, there was significant increase with the concentration of peroxidase in the leaf tissues of sunflower When the soil was treated with cadmium with the concentration (3) mg/kg of the soil in comparison with the control treatment. The results also revealed that there was significant domination with the concentration of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the leaf tissues of peas in comparison with sunflower.

ABSTRACT
Extraction of heat-stable enterotoxin of Yersinia enterocolitica and dosage suckling mice with toxin were done, then sections to study histological changes for some animal organs were prepared.
Histopathological changes and necrosis were reported in intestine, liver and lungs of mouse after injection with heat-stable enterotoxin.

Abstract
The experiment has been conducted at The Field to study The effect of three concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/L.) of Algamix and Soluamine on plants. on growth and yield components of two Barley cultivars (AL – Jazeera 1 and Local barley). The sea weed concentrations of Algamix and Soluamine showed a great effect in increasing (the height of plants, inter nodes length, flag leaf area and tillers number).
The two concentrations 2.0 and 4.0 ml/L. effect of both sea weed extracts showed a significant increase of (spike Length, grain number of spike, grain number of plant, weight of 1000 grain and yield characters of Barley cultivars).

ABSTRACT
During the last period, many technique had been developed to increase the enhancement of the neural network performance and increase it's ability in the classification of remote sensing data.
Research include a study of wavelet transform effect to improve the neural network classification which is applied on satellite images and extract the land features of the classified area with high quality and sensitivity.
The study involve preprocessing on satellite images represented by spectral packages of scence of red sea taken by Thematic mapper, depending on the multiresolution analysis that provided by wavelet transform, then classify the enhancement images by the use of unsupervised neural network (ART1).
Depending on preprocessing images and by calculating the classification accuracy for each class, the results showed notified enhancement of the primary data involved in the classification and increased the accuracy of resulting classes in comparison with initial images prior to management.

Abstract
The experiment has been conducted at The Field to study The effect of three concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 ml/L.) of Algamix and Soluamine on plants. on growth and yield components of two Barley cultivars (AL – Jazeera 1 and Local barley). The sea weed concentrations of Algamix and Soluamine showed a great effect in increasing (the height of plants, inter nodes length, flag leaf area and tillers number).
The two concentrations 2.0 and 4.0 ml/L. effect of both sea weed extracts showed a significant increase of (spike Length, grain number of spike, grain number of plant, weight of 1000 grain and yield characters of Barley cultivars).

Abstract
The research was concerned with Amino Acid Analysis of the proteins isolated from the crude aqueous extract of Marsh Mallow F.
Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis were performed. All amino acids had been appeared in Acidic hydrolysis, while in Alkaline hydrolysis for the same aqueous extract two amino acids serine and aspartic acid disappeared.
The research also involved separation of the proteinous components from the aqueous extract of Marsh Mallow F. Two major proteins peaks (a and b) were isolated and their molecular weight were determined by gel filtration and showed the following values (281838, 281) dalton. respectively.

In this research we designed and constructed a system from a local materials and tested for measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient of thermally good conducting materials  in the temperature range (25–150 c°). We measure the thermal conductivity of  three conducting materials (Copper, Aluminum and Brass alloy), The thermal conductivity  measuring result show a good convergence with standard values (Cu 416W/m.c° with a percentage error 3.7%), (Al 244 W/m.c° with a percentage error 2.9 %), (Brass alloy 112,5 W/m.c° with a percentage error 2.2 %). The thermal conductivity of copper and aluminum show decreases of conductivity with increasing temperature. 

Abstract
The Solar Radiation and Air temperature are the main effects at which the climate and atmosphere depend on, In this paper We choose three different places in Iraq to study correlations between (H/Ho) and (1/Tmax), (H/Ho) and monthly mean air temperature (Tmean), (H/Ho) and (Tmax-Tmin)0.5, the third mathematical module gives linearly strong direct correlations which is more strong than other models.
The correlation coefficient (R) for the first model are (0.94, 0.91, 0.74) for Mosul, Baghdad and Nasiriyah stations respectively, The Correlation Coefficient for the second model are (0.93, 0.94, 0.72) for Mosul, Baghdad and Nasiriyah respectively، The correlation coefficient for the third model are (0.98, 0.96, 0.80) for Mosul, Baghdad and Nasiriyah respectively, statistical analysis for Air temperature and Solar radiation in the three stations were used, the estimated solar radiation by the third model were nearly the same as the measured values where the (M.A.E) does not reach more than 2.8 % and (R.M.S.E) is less than 3.3% which mean that this model is highly accurate.

Abstract
This research includes the study of the temporal variation and spatial of relative humidity in several locations in Iraq (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Rutba and Basra)at these locations the humidity data base was analyzed and studied to find out its relation with different climatic elements. the results indicated the existence of strong linear, proportional and inverse link relations between the relative humidity and different climatic elements. Correlation coefficient values where in the region (0.83-0.99)except the relation with the wind speed where (R) is between (-0.38 to -0.77) The maximum relative humidity values, in winter and spring was in Mosul station. There was a rapid fall in relative humidity values in Summer at all other stations. where the range of the relative humidity values was (%23-%28). The relative humidity values in autumn was close to that taken at spring time for all stations. monthly basis of the time series of relative humidity was analyzed at all stations and it showed that the general direction increase slowly with time (in months) at Rutba and Kirkuk stations, while it decrease with time (in months) at Mosul, Baghdad and Basra Stations.

ABSTRACT
A fuzzy logic model was constructed to classify the d.c glow discharge regions (Townsend dark region, glow discharge region, arc discharge) which including the design of computerized fuzzy inference system that depends on one of the intelligent techniques (Fuzzy logic). Their input consists of linguistic variables describing the fundamental parameters (current, voltage) of standard (I-V) curve of electrical discharge, and their output consists of three linguistic variables(dark, glow, arc) that describe the d.c. electrical discharge regions. It is suggested in this study that three different types of Gaussian membership functions in different forms for each variable. The results seem to be a good compatible with other published researches, making use of the MATLAB scientific software version 7.6.0.324 (R2008a

Abstract
This paper deals with finding outliers in a multivariate linear regression model after assuming a model of normal – Wishart distribution. This method is based on the estimation of probability of an outlier for each observation by mixed Bernoulli model with shifting location outlier. We show how to obtain the posterior distribution in the mixed model by Gibbs sampler algorithm. Also the determination of the number of outliers is done by criterion of marginal likelihood distribution. The theoretical results of this research are applied to real data of multivariate linear regression. The results obtained are so encouraging in determining the outliers in these data.

Abstract
The papear deals with the estimation of parameters random of effect three-way analysis of variance linear with interaction. The present study includes eight parameters which represent variance component of factor effect A, of factor effect B, of factor effect C, of
between the factors AB, variance component of interaction effect between the factors AC, variance component of interaction effect between the factors BC, variance component of random line effect between the factors ABC and variance component of random erorr. These parameters have been estimated by using Bayes Quadratic Unbiased Estimator (BAQUE). Prior information have been assumed as data obtained by using variance analysis, and the prior probability distribution assumed as uniform distribution and the second order moment of these parameters has been obtained BAQUE has been applied on real data obtained from University of Mosul/ College of Agriculture and Forestry/ Department of agricultural yields which represent A its tow spaces for agriculture between planets and B its three categorise of cotton and C it’s a level between manure and the netrogin, n its interaction for all cell about cotton agriculture in Iraq 2009. The results obtained are encouraging in comparison with the prior information ,All algorithm are programed by using MATHLAB system.