Journal of Education and Science

Abstract
Metal complexes of general formula [M(L)2]Cl2 and [M(L)2], L=L1, L2, L3 have been prepared where M is Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), L1 is (Z)-3- (4-methoxyphenylimino) indolin-2-one, L2 is (Z) -1- ((4-methoxyphenylimino) methyl) naphthalene-2-ol, L3 is (Z)-2-(4-methoxyphenylimino) -2-phenylethanol. The complexes which have the molar ratio of 1:2 (metal to ligand). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic and conductance measurements infrared absorpation spectra and electronic spectra. IR spectra showed that the nitrogen of the azomethine group, carbonyl oxygen of L1 or the oxygen hydroxy group for the L2 and L3 take part in coordination. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and electronic spectra studies suggested a tetrahedral structure for all complexes. Conductance measurements indicating the 1:2 electrolytic nature for L1 and non electrolyte for L2 and L3. The biological activity testes indicate that most of the prepared complexes posses high ability to inhibit growth Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Abstract
Some substituted pyrazoline 3(a-e) were prepared from the reaction of acrelonitril with some substituted imidoyl chloride 2(a-e) (which prepared from substituted - N – phenyl hydrazide 1(a-e) on treatment with phosphorous penta chloride). Compounds 3(a–e) were then transformed into the corresponding imidate hydrochloride 4(a–e) during the reaction with hydrochloric acid in absolute ethanol. Compounds 4(a–e) were allowed to react with either p – nitro phenyl hydrazide, sodium azid or ethylene diamine giving the corresponding 1,2,3 – substituted triazoles 5(a–e), 1,2,3,4- substituted tetrazoles 6(d,e) and imidazoles 7(d,e) respectively.

Abstract
Iraqi Natural rich-bauxite mineral clay samples were doped by mixed chromium oxides. The observed chemical composition and structural properties of the above samples evaluate their scientific and economic utilization as adsorbent material catalysts. They have been applied in catalytic treatment of Iraqi kerosene which was conducted by feeding the kerosene in gaseous phase over the catalyst using tube furnace heated in the range of 300-475oC. Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and gas chromatography techniques have been used to study the chemical composition of the separated fractions. The results revealed that some isomerization and hydrogen removal processes were occurred.

Abstract:
In the present study, Cinnamon (which is locally known as darseen) from local market was used as new adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI)from aqueous solution after it is collected. The research including study of the effect pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time on the adsorption capacity and percent removal were explored. The equilibrium data were tested using several isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin equations. The adsorption isotherm fit well with all models studied and the maximum adsorption capacity Qm of different adsorbent dosage was (13.8mg/g), obtained from Langmuir model. When the experimental data were applied to the first-order, second-order and Elovich kinetic model, it was clear that second-order and Elovich models fitted well.
KEYWORDS: Cinnamon, kinetic, Isotherm, Adsorption

Abstract
A series of some azetidines -2-one derivative (11-16) have been synthesized by cyclocondensation of various hydrazones derivatives (3-10) with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Hydrazones (3-10) were synthesized from the reaction of hydrazide (2) with various substituted benzaldehyde. Oxazepain 4,7-dion derivatives (17-22) were synthesized from the reaction of hydrazones derivatives (3-10) with maleic anhydride

INTRODUCTION
Azetidine-2-one and 4, 7-oxazepaine derivatives were reported to posse's antibacterial, antifungal(1-3), antianflammatory and antitubercular activities(4) also oxazepine derivatives used as neuroleptic and as antidepressant (5, 6)
Azetidine-2-one can be prepared from ketene-imines cycloaddition(7) reaction, although many synthetic methods have been developed, Bhat and etal.(8) synthesized Schiff's bases from condensation of acid hydrazine of p-anisidine with aromatic aldehydes, which on treatment with chloroacetylchloride in the presences of triethylamine afforded 2-azetidiones.1, 4-benzoxazepine-2, 5-(1H, 3H)-dione was prepared from the reaction of o.aminobenzoic acid with choroacetyl chloride. Alkyl substituted derivatives were prepared from the reaction of the corresponding alkyl halide with benzoxazepinedione in the presence of a suspension of sodium hydride in dimethylforamide.(9)
In this paper we report the synthesis of some azetidinone and oxazepine derived from ethyl thymoxy acetate

Abstract:
In this paper the synthesis of some substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles is reported. 4-Chlorophenol was treated with chloroacetic acid to give 4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (C1) which was reacted with thionyl chloride followed by methyl alaninate (C3) to give the methyl ester (C4). The ester (C4) was converted to corresponding hydrazide (C5) by it's reaction with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. Hydrazide (C5) was treated with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide to give substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (C6), while the reaction of hydrazide (C5) with ally isothiocyanate and with phenyl isothiocyanate gave substituted thiosemicarbazides (C7) and (C13) respectively.
Thiosemicarbazides (C7 and C13) were converted to substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (C8 and C14) and 1,2,4-triazoles (C9 and C15) by their reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid and with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution respectively. The reaction of acid hydrazide (C5) with ammonium thiocyanate gave thiosemicarbazide (C10) from which substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole (C11) and 1,2,4-triazole (C12) were synthesized by it's reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid and with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution respectively.
The structures of the synthesized compounds were established on the bases of U.V and I.R spectrum analysis and physical measures.

Keywords: Thiosemicarbazide, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulphamethoxazole in pure as well as in dosage form is described. The method is based on the reaction of sulphamethoxazole as electron donor with o-chloranil as electron acceptor to form violet colored charge transfer complex having maximum absorption band at 539 nm. Under the optimized reaction conditions, Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 2-60 μg ml-1 with molar absorptivity 3.675×103 L mol−1cm−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.371 and 1.236 μg ml-1 respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were satisfactory; the average recovery % was 100.95 % and values of relative standard deviations ≤1.06 %. The stoichiometry of the reaction was studied, and the reaction mechanism was postulated. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of sulphamethoxazole in its pharmaceutical tablets and syrup with good accuracy and precisions.
Keywords: Charge transfer; Spectrophotometry; o-chloranil; sulphamethoxazole

Abstract
In this study an attempt was carried out to: estimate the: 1- prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, its causative agents and their sensitivity pattern in Kirkuk city.2- Role of humoral immune response in women with symptomatic and a symptomatic urinary tract infection through the measuring of IgG,IgA, IgM,C3 and C4 levels in urine and serum of patients and comparing them with corresponding levels of healthy control groups.
The results showed that the prevalence of asymptomatic (UTI) in pregnancy was (10%). E.coli was the commonest causative bacteria in both pregnant and non- pregnant with symptomatic and a symptomatic (UTI).The antibiotic ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin was the most effective
Regarding the immunological study: pregnant and non-pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) showed significant increase in the level of IgG and IgA and no significant differences was noticed in the level of IgM as compared with control group. Significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) was observed only in the level of IgM.
Pregnant subjects with symptomatic (UTI) showed a significant decrease in the level of C4 as compared to control group, any significant differences were not observed between pregnant and non-pregnant in the level of C3 and C4.
Compared to symptomatic (UTI) in pregnant subject asymptomatic (UTI) subjects recorded the highest serum levels of IgG,IgM, C3andC4, while the highest values of IgA was found in symptomatic UTI.
Conclusion:- Bacteriuria or pregnancy changes different aspects of humoral immunity, thus the co-existence of pregnancy and bacteriuria may influence each other.

Abstract
In this work, ZnS films were prepared by chemical bath deposition technique where the zinc nitrate salt (Zn(NO3)2) was used as a source of zinc ions(Zn+2) and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) as a source of negative sulphide ions(S-2). The effect cadmium ion concentration at 0.05 M and 0.1 M on the structural and optical properties is described. Annealing process is carried out in air at temperature 473K for 2h. The structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, where found that for ZnS films

Abstract
In Mosul a climatic change was clearly observed in the last few years, this may be due to greenhouse gases effect which leads to global warming or urbanization which increases the regional minimum temperatures. As temperature plays a major role in detecting climatic changes, this work attempts to demonstrate the variations in monthly average and annual average for each of maximum and minimum temperatures during the period 2005-2010. Maximum and minimum temperatures were experimentally recorded for 22 days during 2011 to confirm the available data. Maximum and minimum temperatures (available data) were analyzed and compared with net results of 30 years data by linear regression method to achieve trends for each year. The present study reveals a significant abnormal monthly temperature variations in March and April 2008, warming trends in monthly minimum temperature among most of years studied and an increase of approximately 3.1oC from normal average in the annual average temperature during 2010.

Abstract
In this paper, a three (four) dimensional autonomous Finance chaotic (hyperchaotic) system is considered, and we obtained the stability of this systems. We show that the chaotic (three dimensional) system is asymptotically stable at the critical points when , and unstable otherways. While the hyperchaotic (four dimensional) system is asymptotically stable if the variables has the form . Finally, illustrative examples are given.

Abstract
In this paper we introduce and study a relation “~” between projections, a relation “ ” on positive operators and a relation "~G" (G-group) on projections in extended factor algebras. The main results in this paper state that these relations are indeed an equivalence relation (Theorem 2.1) and (Theorem 2.2). Finally, we determine the relation between these concepts.

Abstract
Automatic character recognition has been the subject of intensive research for almost last decades. Because of the complexity of printed and handwritten Arabic text a little research has been conducted on the automatic recognition of Arabic characters. This research proposed a new technique for recognizing printed Arabic character.
After acquisition Arabic character image a number of preprocessing steps are performed for the digitized image. These steps generally include smoothing by using median filter, the horizontal and vertical histogram profile are used for segmentation and a standard Guo thinning algorithm for thinning, Etc.. Variation Method and Discrete Cosine Transform Method are used for feature extraction. For classification radial basis function (RBF) network are used. This method performs extremely well. This new technique is able to handle printed Arabic character task efficiently.

Abstract
Fuzzy logic is one of the main branches of artificial intelligence as a representative of the theories and techniques used fuzzy groups and groups that are no definite boundaries, and is considered by this logic to describe and represent the human experience as it is through the development of practical solutions to various problems.
In this research was to use Fuzzy logic in matching images, as it has been working with images, where the gray level images have been lowered,, and inserting two images in each state, the implementation and then find the proportion of matches and the percentage difference between them, as well as the calculated some statistical variables that helped to find certain characteristics to match the images.
Matlab language program (version 6.5) has been made to implement the suggested algorithm, where it considers a high efficiency language.

ABSTRACT
Mobile IPv4 is designed to allow the mobile nodes to have internet connectivity without changing their IP addresses while roaming between other networks. The packets sent from Correspondent Node (CN) to a Mobile Node (MN) through the mobile node’s Home Agent (HA), then the HA forward them to the MN’s foreign network. One of the main problems that faced the original Mobile IP is the triangle routing problem. Triangle routing problem appears when the indirect path between CN and MN through the HA. The path is longer than the direct path. This paper proposes a new technique to improve the performance of the original Mobile IP by reducing the average delay and packet loss for all the packets transferred between the CN and the MN. In this technique, the packets will delivered to MN directly without passing by HA, and they will pauses in tunneling buffer till MN reach to new network and receive new address. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, it is compared with the original Mobile IP and another technique that try to solve the same problem. The simulation of the original Mobile IP and new technique is carried out using NS-2 simulator on Linux platform. The simulation results show that the proposed technique is more effective than the original Mobile IP and others.

Abstract
Along with the development and growth of the internet network, there is an increasing needed to use protection systems such as intrusion classification and detection systems that protect computer and network from attacks and unauthorized access. Fuzzy c-means (FCM), neural network (counterpropagation network CPN, and a new method that called it (Fuzzy counterpropagation network FCPN) algorithms were applied using kdd cup 99 and NSL-KDD which is a new version of kdd cup 99 dataset to classify this dataset into 5 classes or clusters one for normal traffic nd others classes for the main types of attacks. Another type of classification is made on the dataset it was classified into 2 classes one for normal and other for types of attacks and detect a new attack(abnormal). Each cluster will contain dataset more similar to each other within cluster and difference from that in the other clusters. (10% kdd) file from kdd cup 99 was taken in the training stage that contain (494020) records and (corrected kdd) file that contain (311029) records in testing stage. From NSL-KDD was taken (NSL-KDDTrain) file that contain (125973) records used in training stage and (NSL-KDDTest) file that contain (22544) records in testing stage. Classification rate, Detection rate, and false alarm rate were computed. Finally the classification rate obtained is (100%) for FCM, CPN, FCPN algorithms in training stage. With got higher DR(100%) for FCPN to kdd cup 99, and (99.703) is the DR obtained for FCPN to NSL-KDD in testing. and then were made comparisons between results obtained after applying the algorithms on this dataset.

Abstract
Activated carbon was prepared from (Acer sp.) wood. The wood was dried and crushed to small suitable size. The dried wood was mixed with sodium hydroxide in the following ratio [(wood: NaOH) (1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2)]. The reaction mixture (wood and base) was carried out in stainless steel reactor coated with nickel. The mixture was heated for more than three hours at 550 ± 25oC with continuous mixing till no more gases evolved. The carbonized materials were washed with distilled water many times till it gives colorless litmus paper. The carbonized materials was activated using 30% HCl for 1.5 hr to remove any metalic corrosion and to open the pores in the carbon. The carbon was filtered, washed and dried to be activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared was further studied to fulfill its properties.

Abstract
Uricase (urate oxidase) was partially purified from Pisum sativum seeds by ammonium sulfate precipitation ,dialysis and anion exchange  chromatography techniques. One proteinous peak was obtained containing two isomers of uricase I and II with specific activity  (5.92×10^-3 and 4.9955×10^-3) unit/mg protein and with purification fold(31.32and 26.43) respectively compared to crude enzyme.
The optimum conditions for the purified enzyme was determined using uric acid as a substrate. The results showed that maximum activity with glycine-NaOH buffer at pH=7, 40°C, substrate concentration 100mM Vmax=6.25×10^-2 U/mg protein and the Km=50mM, 100µl enzyme volume and the reaction velocity was increased with copper ion.
The active dose of uricase for reducing uric acid was determined in healthy mice 400µg/kg body weight, and the best treatment was obtained by the injection of enzyme with allopurinal intraperitonally.  

Abstract
This study was designed to isolate some of proteinous compounds from the aqueous extract of Chicory Leaf by cold acetone precipitation. Using gel filtration technique, two compounds (A and B) were isolated from the proteinous precipitate. Then, the effects of aqueous extract and the proteinous precipitate were studied on some blood values and biochemical variables in mice infected with anemia creator bleeding. These extracts were administrated intraperitoneally and their effects were compared with estate ferrosam.
After one week of treatment the results indicated that the aqueous extracts and their isolated compounds caused a significant increase in packed cell volume (PCV%), white blood cells (WBC) count and total protein in female mice comparing with control group. The results also indicated that treatment with the aqueous extracts crude and proteinous precipitate at doses of 150, 15 mg/Kg body weight respectively produced a significant increase of glutathione and a significant decrease in uric acid the normal level.
The results were also showed that compound A and B at the dose (0.937, 1.05) mg/Kg body weight respectively access level serum iron, hemoglobin blood, PCV% and total protein to the normal level, in addition to similar effect to estate ferrosam effect.

Abstract
This investigation was started by synthesis of three phenolic Schiff bases from the mother compound benzoyl acetonitril, These having OH groups in o، m، p positions on amino side of molecules. The structures of these imines were confirmed from U.V. and I.R. spectra as well as melting points.
The main object of the study is the determination of Ka values for these mentioned imines at temperature rang (25 - 65)oC by conductivity measurement method.
The method as found, simple, precise and accurate. At any constant temperature, acidities of imines were observed in different order of arrangements. Finally the thermodynamic parameters of ionization reactions of acids were calculated and discussed in details.

Abstract
Tigris river has considered as a major source of water in Iraq. This river affected by industrial and domestic waste water passing through Mosul city.
And to study the quality of Tigris river and its suitability for drink in Mosul city, The selected samples contain two types of water (raw, supplied(, Four areas near four water projected (New left, Old left, Opraway an Hammam Alaleel). The samples were taken for four seasons (Winter-January, Spring-April, Summer-July and Autumn-October) and replied two times at statistical analysis, The total number of samples were (64).
The PH value, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulfate, Total Hardness, Alkalinity and Electrical Conductivity were measured according to international standard methods in analyses. The quality of Tigris river water in Mosul city region with the supplied water has been estimated for the drinking water and humanity according to international and European standards. After the analyses of samples a high significant effect was noticed on calcium, However, Interaction of the water types with water projects locations and seasons was noticed on many tests, but no any effects were found on others. The value of tests has not changed in the two types of water (raw and supplied) in the case of Magnesium, Chloride, Sulfate, Alkalinity, and Electrical Conductivity.
All tests were agreed with the international standard qualities.

SUMMARY
The current study evaluated the effect of some growth regulators on initiation, growth and differentiation of (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) callus.The results showed that callus could be initiated when (BA,IAA) and (BA,NAA) added to MS medium. Variation in callus initiation were recorded according to the source from which the explants took which were (stem, leaves, cotyledons, roots and hypocotyls) it was shown that the best initiation of callus took place on MS1 (MS +BA 0.1mg/L+ 0.5 2,4-D mg/L) and MS2 (MS+BA 0.1mg/L + IAA0.1mg/L).
Callus derived from cotyledons and leaves exhibit differentiation the best ratios for shoot formation from cotyledons leaves was MS(BA 1.0 mg/l +IAA 0.05mg/l) and (MS + BA 3.0mg/l + IAA0.1mg/l) for callus derived from leaves. results showed that use the auxins IBA, NAA, and IBA enhanced rooting of the regenerated shoots. Rooting percentage reached 100%. when 1.0 mg/l of IBA added to MS medium. the rooted plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the soil.

ABSTRACT
The study involved isolation and identification of (50) isolates Lactobacillus gasseri from the feces of breastfed neonates aged (1-4 months) in Mosul. The ability of the bacteria to reduce the concentration of total cholesterol and cholesterol associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined in the presence or absence of bile salts and for two periods of incubation (24, 72) hours, the results showed different effects of these isolates, isolate (5) gave the best results compared to the other isolates, in addition the study includes the effect of bacteria in vivo When rabbits were used as laboratory animals, results indicated the role of bacteria in reducing the concentration of total cholesterol and cholesterol associated with low density lipoprotein in the serum and this confirms the therapeutic role of these bacteria.

Abstract
New approaches need to be pursued towards the assessment of sperm quality using biochemical markers and develop this markers to assess sperm function. The current study included analyzed 52 samples of human's seminal fluid wich classified into three classes: fertile normospermea (control), infertile oligospermea and azospermea. The percentage of dead sperms were obtaind by using eosin die in addition to the use of trypan blue to show the intact acrosome. The results of the study showed that the concentration of sperm in human's seminal fluid samples was (63x106/ml).The results showed ahigher level of creatine kinase CK  activity in human seminal plasma in an infertile oligospermic (113.3±17U/L) and azospermic cases (97.1±11U/L) in comparison to the control normospermic case (48.5±9U/L).

ABSTRACT
In this study 5% Al doped Zinc Oxide for different thickness have been prepared using Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) at 500⁰C on glass substrates. The effect of thickness and annealing time on optical properties of the films were investigated. From the measurements, It was found  that the transmittance decreases with increasing thickness. On the other hand, the transmittance and the optical gap increases with increasing the annealing time for low thicknesses, While for the higher thicknesses, a little changes were observed.

Abstract
A computer sound card based data acquisition system is built and used to study the small variations in the static dielectric constant of resin-hardener type epoxy during the process of polymerization per to solidification. The system involves self correction of any effects related to spurious fluctuations related to mains voltage changes. Results using several mixing ratios of resin and hardener indicate some structures in the dielectric constant- time relation. Such structures can not be explained by simple exponential behavior associated with direct one step reaction. A simple two steps reaction model is suggested .The model results in better fits of the experimental data.