Abstract: This study include the synthesis of the compound 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol [1], from the reaction of ortho pheneylene diamine with lactic acid and then oxidized using potassium dichromate to give1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethanone [2]. Reaction of this compound with different substituted benzaldehydes or 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanone, to obtain α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (chalcones) [3-11]. These chalcones have been used in preparing number of heterocyclic compounds through reaction with the hydrogen peroxide to get the oxiran compounds (three membered rings) [12-20], hydroxyl amine hydrochloride to prepare the isooxazoline compounds(five membered rings) [21-29], 3-nitrobenzohydrazide to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings)[30-38], thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings) [39-47], semicarbazide to prepare the pyrazoline compounds(five membered rings) [48-56], guanidine nitrate to prepare the pyrimidine compounds(six membered rings) [57-65], ortho pheneylenediamine to prepare the benzodiazepine compounds (seven membered rings) [66-74], ortho aminophenol to prepare the benzoxazepine compounds(seven membered rings) [75-83]. The synthesized compounds were identified, using chemical, physical and spectral methods (melting points, color change, infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and many theoretical studies).

Abstract: Regression analysis is used for the estimation of the pKa values, %analgesic activity (%AA) and % decreasing activity of central nervous system (CNS) depressant property (%DA) of eight substituted imidazolin-5(4H)-ones by using various types of descriptors as parameters. These parameters are based on quantum chemical treatments. They were derived by employing semi-empirical calculations represented by Austin model 1 (AM1). The parameters used for representing the variation observed in the pka values, %AA and %DA are atomic, structural, and molecular properties, including charges on hetro atoms present in the compounds, energies of HOMO (EHOMO) and LUMO (ELUMO)orbitals, hardness of molecules (η) , chemical potential (μ) electrophilicity index (ω), total energy (TE), stretch (Str), bend (Bd), 1,4-Vander Waals interactions (1,4VDW), and Non1,4- Vander Waals interactions (Non 1,4-VDW). The relation of pKa, %AA, and %DA and each of these parameters of the studied compounds is investigated. Depending on these relations, three sets of parameters were constructed, each of them representing the most sufficiently and reliable set to describe the effect of substituents and structure of imidazolinone under consideration on the studied properties with highly predictive power indicated by high consistency between the calculated and experimental values expressed by correlation coefficient values (R2) close to unity and standard error (SE) less than %5 of the experimental values. The three sets of parameters were used for the estimation of pKa, %AA and %DA of a number of hypothetical compounds with structures similar to those considered before but with different substituents as a test of the validity of the derived parameters. The calculated values were within acceptable range compared with other values found in the literature.

Abstract: A series of some hydrazones derivatives (3-7) have been synthesized from the reaction of hydrazide (2) with substituted benzaldehyde. While oxazridine derivatives (8-12) were synthesized by oxidation with hydrazones derivatives (3-7) with m-chloro per benzoic acid, the of these compounds (8-12) with ammonium thiocyanate afforded compounds (13-17). While the reaction of compound (2) with indole-2,3-dione afforded compound (18) while in reaction with mercaptoacetic acid gave Spiro indoline-2,3-thizolidine derivatives (19) when the compound allowed to react with conc., sulfuric acid and phosphoric pent oxide afford (20) and (21) respectively.

Abstract: In this article, an optical fiber was designed with zero- dispersion at wavelength of (1.3 m). The design took into consideration many factors of the fiber, such as; fiber cross- section, fiber material, refractive index. These factor can affect the operation of a fiber in optical communication system. A zero- dispersion fiber was obtained when the core was doped by (1.3%) of GeO2. Implementing the package of computer aided design (OptiFiber 2.0). We were able to attain the optimum values for refractive index core and clad as (1.48 and 1.45) respectively, i.e, a percentage difference of (0.02) for radius (6.728 and 8.46) respectively, for zero- dispersion at wavelength of (1.3 m) that is use in the optical communication.

Abstract: Photo-mosaic (mosaic-image) generation is the process of dividing an input image into equal rectangular blocks (image blocks), each of which is replaced with another image (tile image) that matches the features of a corresponding image block. When the produced photo mosaic is seen from a distance, it seemingly forms the input image. Photo mosaic is not a new concept; however, only a few publications on this subject are available because of its commercial nature. The quality of the produced photo mosaic depends on the size of the database and the variety of images. In addition to process time, a bottleneck occurs because of the discrepancy in the match rate between the input image and the produced photo mosaic. This research proposes three intelligence-based approaches for producing photo mosaics in less time: (1) k-means clustering with Manhattan distance, (2) back propagation neural network with Manhattan distance, and (3) hybrid fuzzy logic with Elman neural network. Three groups of features are extracted and then used to find the best matching tile image for each corresponding image block within the container image. The first group comprises statistical features extracted from a 64-gray level quantized histogram. These features are variance, mean, skewness, kurtosis, and energy. The second group is a subset of Tamura features, namely, coarseness, contrast, and directionality. The last group includes a feature called edge rate, which is computed as the percentage of edge pixels within an image that can be detected using a Canny filter. In addition, two methods of color correction are used to adjust the colors of a tile image to match the colors of a corresponding image block. The first method is based on mean, whereas the second is based on histogram specification. Finally, experimental results show that hybrid fuzzy logic with Elman neural network is the best among the three approaches used. This technique needs 10.0 seconds to produce photo mosaics, with a correlation rate of 0.82 between the container image and the produced photo mosaics,using mean-based color correction. By contrast, this approach needs 42.33 seconds to produce photo mosaics, with a correlation rate of 0.86, using histogram specification-based color correction.

Abstract: In this paper , a new four-dimensions hyperchaotic system is proposes based on a three-dimensional Pan system by introducing a nonlinear state feedback controller, and we investigated some basic properties for this system numerically and analytically, we found the parameter c is effective on stability of new system at the point O(0,0,0,0) and has two roots form  b  d 1 2  ,  while has root 0 1   at the points 1,2 p , and we compare the properties of a new system with properties of another 4D hyperchaotic system and show the difference between them, Finally, an illustrative example is given.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate some properties of nonlinear integral operators of mixed type of integral equations with kernels depending on two variables. The results concerning the continuity and compactness of these operators are obtained.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is using a class of open sets called i-open sets [9] to study some classes of separating axioms spaces for open,  -open and semi-open sets. Further, we studied the relations between such spaces.

Abstract: The following open problem stated that, if T: A⟶B is a dense range homomorphism between Banach algebras A and B such that B is semi-simple. Is T automatically continuous? (see [1]). In [3] given a partial solution of the above problem as follows: Let A and B be Fréchet algebras such that B is semi simple, the spectral radius rB is continuous on B and the spectral radius rA is continuous at zero. If T : A ⟶ B is a dense range homomorphism, then T is automatically continuous. In this paper, we prove the following result : If T : A+ ⟶ B+ is a dense range homomorphism between Jordan – Banach algebras A+ and B+ such that B+ is semi simple, the spectral radius rB+ is continuous on B+ and the spectral rA+ is continuous at zero, then T is automatically continuous.

Abstract: In this paper, topological ig-Homeomorphisms and topological gi-Homeomorphisms are introduced. Further, the relations between these two classes and some other classes of Homeomorphisms are investigated.

Abstract: In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution of a nonlinear mixed Volterra – Fredholm integro-differential equation with nonlocal condition in Banach space. Furthermore, we study continuouce dependence of mild solution. Our analysis is based on semigroup theory and Banach fixed point theorem.

Abstract: This study includes the synthesis of the compound 2,3-diphenyl quinoxaline coupling ortho phenylenediamine with benzil  which then banded with benzotriazole molecule through methylene bridge using formaldehyde in acidic medium to obtain 6-[(1H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl] 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline(1). Compound (1) was reacted with chloroacetophenone in presence of  anhydrous potassium carbonate  to form ketonic compound (2). Reaction of (2) with (4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitro acetophenone) through aldol condensation to obtain an carbonyl compounds (3-5), from which unsaturated ketones (6-8) were prepared and used as precursor for many heterocyclic derivatives such as oxiranes (9-11) when reacted with hydrogen peroxide and undergo mono bromination to compounds (12-14) by bromine in presence of base, and when react with hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine gave the pyrazoline compounds and their substituted compounds (15-20) and finally with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride gave the isooxazoline compounds (21-23). The structure of these  compounds were identified using physical properties and spectral methods (melting points, color change, infrared, ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra). Bromine tests were used to the detection of the unsaturated Ketones.                                         

Abstract: In the present work , the  ( current- voltage ) characteristics have been studied for MOS type solar cell under the illumination. The cells have been fabrication from four types of silicon substrates with a nano oxide film. However, the effect of SiO2nano thickness on short – circuit current (Isc ) and open circuit voltage (Voc ) have been investigated for these solar cells. The results show that the thickness of  SiO2has a significant  effect on   (Isc ) and (Voc ). The best (I-V) characteristics have been obtained from these cells which based on n- type silicon type polycrystalline with 2nm  SiO2thickness. Moreover , the characteristics of (power – voltage ) for the same fabricated solar cells have been studied. The output power value that has been obtained  is equal to (4.95 mW) which refers to solar cell based on same as above . Finally , the efficiency and fill factor for these type of solar cells have been estimated. It has been found that the highest values for efficiency and fill factor related to solar cell (silicon type polycrystalline n-type) equal to 7.01 and 0.429 respectively. 

Abstract: A simple, rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method has been developed for the determination of chlordiazepoxide on tracer extrasil ODS1 (25mm,0.46mm, 5µm) column using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and methanol  (30:70 v/v) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 262 nm in 20˚ C. The retention time for chlordiazepoxide was found to be 3.37 min . The  linearity of development method was achieved in the range 5-220 µg/ml with average recovery  101.82% and RSD was less than 3.0%. The method was applied successfully to determine chlordiazepoxide in tablet formulation. Statistical analysis proved that the proposed method was both accurate and precise.

Abstract: Acetylacetoneazineoxime {AAOH}, acetylacetoneazinebis(oxime) {AABOH2}, benzilsemicarbazone {BScH} and benzilsemicarbazone-hydrazone {BScZH} have been prepared using classical, one pot and microwave heating  methods followed by the preparation of new zinc(II) complexes with mixed ligands above using classical and microwave heating (Green Chemistry) methods. The resulting complexes have been characterized using elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy and CHN analysis, relative molecular weight determination cryoscopi-cally, molar conductance measurements, infrared, electronic and 1H NMR spectra. The study suggests that the above ligands form neutral complexes having general formulas [Zn(AH)(BH)(NO3)2] (where AH= AAOH or AABOH2; BH=BScH or BScZH ligands). Accordingly, hexa-coordinated mononuclear complexes have been investigated having distorted octahedral geometries. The effect of laser have been studied on solid ligands and solid zinc(II) complexes, no effect have been observed on all the compounds through the results of melting point and conductivity, this means that most of the compounds are stable and not affected by this kind of radiation. Also the activity of all the complexes have been evaluated on Tonsillitis from males and Females. They were found to be unactive against this pathogens.

Abstract: A new complexes of some transition metal ions (Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II)) and non-transition metal ions (Zn(II),Cd(II)) with a number of Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of some amino acids isoleucine, phenylalanine and alanine with (2-acetylfuran) have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis(M), molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared and electronic spectral. The complexes were classified as: A-mononuclear complexes.         1-Complexes with the formulas  [ML(CH3COO) (H2O)2].         2- Complexes with the formulas  [ML(CH3COO) ] H2O. B-Homo dinuclear complexes.           Complexes with the formulas [M2(L)2(CH3COO)2] .2H2O.                    M= Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),Zn(II)Cd(II). L= 2-Acetyl furan isoleucine imine, 2-Acetyl furan phenylalanine imine and        2-Acetyl furan alanine imine. The physical measurements showed that the prepared complexes have a tetra coordinated (tetrahedral) and hexa-coordinated (octahedral) structure and that all the prepared complexes were non electrolyte.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of wastewater running through Al-Kharrazie, a seasonal rain water valley in Mosul city which considered now as a sewerage channel discharging their influents into Tigris river at Al-Ghabat region.            Physical, chemical and biological testes were run to evaluate its discharges quality, the results revealed high pollution loads, reflects by BOD5،TDS، PO4 and NO3 which reached to (120,572,2.352 and2.319) mg\L respectively. Also, it shows that high total plate count TPC, F.coliformaandBEsherishiaBcolirreaching(1071*105cell\ml,110*105and110*105cell\100ml)respectively.Phytoremediation was going on passing through the valley to certain extent, reflected by the   drop in the main pollutant parameters of BOD5, PO4, NO3,TPC,F.coliform and E. coli  by (57, 19, 11, 89, 93, 93)%Grespectively.                                                      

Abstract: Forty samples of  different types of powdered infant milk had been collected including (celia 1-2 , biomil 1-2 , lery 1-2 , dialak 1-2 , albadee  2 ,nido 2 , kikos 2 , nictalia 1-2 , cerelak ). Some of the milk cans were opened directly at the beginning of test while others had been opened three days or more before testing. The results showed that Bacillus species were isolated and identified at different rates as Bacillus cereus has the highest rate (12.5%) then B.circulance and B. laterosporous at (5%) for each of them respectively, while B.megaterium was isolated at a rate of  (2.5%). The ability of the isolated Bacillus species to produce enterotoxin was detected by the use of Rapid and delayed permeability test  for the detection of the heat stable enterotoxin and the results were recorded by the appearance of blue non necrotic lesions after injection of the rabbit with the cell free culture supernated (CFCS) and Lysate supernatant (LS) of the isolated Bacillus species, and for the detection of heat labile enterotoxin, the paw oedema test was also used , the increase in thickness of fore and hind arms appeared. The ability of the Bacillus species to produce the enzyme lecithinase and lyse red blood cells were also studied and the results revealed that only Bacillus cereus produce the enzyme lecithinase. in addition all the isolates showed positive hemolytic activity.

Abstract: Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from epidermal scales and infected hairs of infected child with tinea capitis from AL- salam Education Hospital at Mosul city. The fungus was identified according to the morphological characteristics and microscopic features, as well as penetration of the hair by the fungal hyphae Results on the effects of environmental conditions on the growth and sporulation of the pathogen showed that the best medium for optimum growth of the fungus occurred on Potato Dextros Agar (PDA) medium with an average diameter of colonies 88 mm followed by 85.33mm and 82.66mm and 60.00mm for Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA), Oatmeal agar (OMA) and Trichophyton agar no.4 (TNo.4) respectively. The least growth was observed on Rice agar +tween 80 ( R-t80 ) with 44.66 mm Minimum sporulation of the fungus was detected on SDA and reached 2.84x102 conidia/ml Optimum temperature for the growth of the fungus was 28C̊ with 84.88 mm colony diameter while 62.33 mm at 15C̊. No growth was observed at 35C̊ on (PDA). Average diameter of fungal colonies was 84.66 mm at the optimum pH 5.5, Growth and sporulation of the fungus increased proportionally with incubation period reached maximum after 12 days and gave 88.00 mm and 3.18x102 conidia/m respectively . While the least incubation period was noticed at the 4th day and colony reached 29.33 mm and 1.40x103 conidia/ml sporulation . Testing the efficacy of four antifungal drugs viz - Nystatin ( Nys ), Griseofulvin (GRF), Fluconazol (FLZ) and Itraconazol (ITZ) on the growth and sporulation of T.tonsurans proved that Griseofulvin was the most effective antifungal which cause complete inhibition (100%) at 40 mg/ml followed by Fluconazol and then Itraconazole, while the least effect was detected with Nystatin which gave colony diameter 25.00 mm and 66.33 conidia/ml.

Abstract: The effect of omega-3 on phagocytic activity and IgG level was studied on laboratory rats, Twelve white Ratstheirages  ranged between (2.5-3.5) months, and weight between (160-220) grams were divided into three groups, four rats each. The first group were used as a control while the second was given 0.1ml of omgea-3/day and two doses of 0.1 ml was given to the rats in group three. The result showed that the mean phagocytic activity was 19% after 20 days in therats of group two after twenty days of giving the oil, 12.5% for rats in group three and it was 12% , 14% after 30 days of treatment in the rats of group two and three respectively……. The phagocytic activity increased to 26% after 50 days of treatment in group two. The highest level of IgG appeared after 20 days of treatment with one dose of the oil(2469.8)mg/dl, the level of IgG decreased with the increase in the period of treatment after treatment with two doses. A significant correlation appeared in the phagocytic activity of the three groups,no significant difference for IgG.

Abstract: Magnetically treated water was used for the determination of the physiomechanical properties (setting time, water/powder ratio (W/P) and compressive strength) of a local plaster of Paris. The results were compared with that of ordinary, and non-treated water to determine the same properties. It was found out that through using magnetically treated water, setting time has decreased by an average of (15.3 %); water powder ratio (W/P) has increased by an average of (2.4 %) and compressive strength has decreased by an average of (22.5 %) compared with the results of ordinary water. Thereforemagnetically treated water may be considered as an accelerator for the plaster of Paris rather than a retarder. 

Abstract:  The study included three stages, the first stage is to prepare the monomer (basic unit  Nʹ,N di-Asetil benziden) and the second stage is preparing the polyamide and third stage  is doping the polymer single doping by acidic solutions H2SO4, HCl with concentrations (0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1) Molar and different metal chlorides with percentages ( 3-20 )%. Then the best doping of acidic solutions (H2SO4) and best doping of metal chlorides (FeCl3)  doped binary doping by mixing with pure polyamide to prepared samples that doped binary doping.          Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured to show the conduction mechanism also the electrical conductivity (σ) as a function of temperature within the range (300-360)ᴼK and calculate the activation energy (Ea) and studying the optical characteristics represented by ( FT - IR ) for the prepared sample before and after doping to show the binary doping effect on this characteristics as well as comparing between them. The aging effect on the sample which gives the highest electrical conductivity (σ) for three months was studied also.        The results showed that the electrical conduction mechanism is ohmic  within the low voltage and space charge limited current (SCLC) at high voltage. Also we see that the binary doping affect the electrical conduction mechanism and it is higher than the conduction of pure and primary doping with acidic solutions and metal chlorides . and the activation energy for the binary doping is about ( 0.184)eV which is much  less than the activation energy for  the pure and single doped. The optical characteristics represented by ( FT - IR ) also showed an obvious change in the beam intensity comparing with pure polyamide, and the doped by acidic solution, the reason referred  to formation an electronic density of the active groups charge transfer complexes. The effect of the time factor of the binary doped we found that the conductivity of the binary doped polyamide increased when we took into consideration the time factor, the conductivity increased in the beginning of the storing then decreased gradually reached to(7.11 ͯ 10-4 S.m-1) the settled along the aging period approximately.

Abstract: In this paper we study of the characteristics of  the  isomeric state of  ( ) isotones with  and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability in unit of  Weisskopf  and calculate these values  in unit of  , depending on these values we calculate the electric quadrupole moment and the deformation parameter , the single particle deformation parameter  and the mean deformation parameter are also calculated. The square of the emitted photon energy  and the moment of  inertia  for these states are also calculated.

Abstract: In this research several models were matched of dynamic linear systems of the equation error models which included ARMAX and ARX  and applied using stationary  on a series of inputand output series. Then choice the best model based on statistical criteria AIC, FPE, Loss Function model was ARX. The second method using the intervention on a series of inputs and also to choices the best model based on statistical criteria AIC, FPE, Loss Function model was ARX. After that was the comparison between the ARX model using stationary and the ARX model using intervention based on several tests of the residual for both models, as well as test residual using one charts   control its quality.